摘要
小麦作为全球主要粮食作物之一,其生产受到土壤盐渍化的严重威胁,全球约10%~20%的小麦种植面积正遭受盐胁迫的影响。盐胁迫通过渗透失衡、离子毒性和氧化损伤三重机制抑制小麦生长,而小麦作为盐敏感作物,其耐盐遗传基础狭窄,制约盐渍化土地产能提升。近年来,小麦耐盐的分子机制和生理生化机制逐渐得到揭示,然而耐盐性与产量等农艺性状协同优化和盐胁迫响应复杂性仍是主要挑战。综述了小麦响应盐胁迫的生理生化机制、分子调控网络、耐盐遗传基础、耐盐新基因的发掘与利用,以及耐盐育种策略与新品种选育等方面的研究进展,并对该领域目前存在的传统育种的范式与瓶颈、关键耐盐基因的鉴定与克隆、基因工程与编辑技术的应用以及多学科技术的系统性整合等问题进行了剖析。鉴于植物盐胁迫响应机制的复杂性,以及小麦耐盐基因挖掘与功能鉴定的难度,需要整合多组学研究技术挖掘小麦耐盐基因,并将其他植物中鉴定的重要耐盐基因及时用于小麦耐盐性改良。
As one of the world's major food crops,wheat production is severely threatened by soil salinization,as salt stress affects approximately 10%to 20%of the global wheat cultivation area.Salt stress inhibits wheat growth via a triple mechanism including osmotic imbalance,ion toxicity,and oxidative damage.Wheat,being a salt-sensitive crop,possesses a narrow genetic base for salt tolerance,limiting its productivity improvement in salinized lands.In recent years,multi-level studies have elucidated the molecular,physiological,and biochemical mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in wheat.However,coordinated optimization of salt tolerance with agronomic traits such as yield,as well as the complexity of salt stress responses,remain major challenges.This review summarizes advances in understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms,molecular regulatory networks,genetic basis of salt tolerance,discovery and utilization of novel salt-tolerant genes,and breeding strategies for developing salt-tolerant wheat varieties.It also analyzes existing challenges in the field,including the paradigm and limitations of conventional breeding,identification and cloning of key salt-tolerant genes,applications of genetic engineering and gene editing technologies,and the systematic integration of multidisciplinary technologies.Due to the mechanism complexities of plant resonese to salinity stress,and the exploring and functional characterization difficulties of salt tolerance related genes in wheat,it is necessary to identify salt tolerance genes from wheat by integrating multiomics techniques,and timely employ the important salt resistance genes excavated in other plant species for wheat improvement.This paper aims to provide some valuable information for genetic improvement of wheat on salt tolerance.
作者
赵补全
要星宇
叶兴国
唐华丽
张双喜
ZHAO Buquan;YAO Xingyu;YE Xingguo;TANG Huali;ZHANG Shuangxi(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Crop Research,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement,Henan Agricultural University(Co-established by the Province and Ministry),Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《科技导报》
北大核心
2025年第19期30-43,共14页
Science & Technology Review
基金
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BBF02039)。
关键词
小麦
耐盐性
耐盐机制
基因挖掘
种质鉴定
wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)
salt tolerance
salt tolerance mechanisms
gene exploration
germplasm identification
