摘要
高性能、低成本且便于大规模生产的织物基压力传感器具有形状适应性好、与传统纺织品集成能力强的优势,但其在施压过程中滞后性大、回复性差的问题限制了其在可穿戴电子领域的应用。为此,通过编织技术,一体成形织造了全织物基电容式阵列压力传感器。研究了织物基电容传感器的结构对性能的影响,分析了该传感器的表面形貌、传感性能、水洗性能等,并进行了应用测试。结果表明:该织物基电容传感器中的介电层具有独特的立体三维蜂巢编织结构,其在0~10 kPa区间实现了0.086 kPa^(-1)的高灵敏度和小于150 ms的快速响应时间;此外,织物基传感器在保持良好透气性(平均透气率约为464.98 mm/s)的同时表现出良好的双向传感性能,在2000次的拉伸和压缩下仍具有较好的耐久性和稳定性,在不同负载压力下仍具有优异的区分度及稳定性。基于以上优异的性能,该织物基阵列传感器可用于各种体态监测,如行走、坐起、手指/手肘弯曲等,验证了其在智能健康监测领域的应用潜力。
Objective Fabric-based pressure sensors have unrivaled advantages,but there are several problems that limit their application in wearable electronics.First,the preparation method of capacitive sensors with multilayer structure cannot achieve the effect of one-piece molding.Second,the dielectric layer in fabric capacitive sensors is difficult to meet the effect of textile air and moisture permeability.Third,a single fabric sensor is not enough to accurately detect the spatial pressure/touch/strain distribution of the human body.Therefore,the research on high-performance one-piece fabric-based array sensors is of particularly importance.Method The dielectric layer of the fabric-based capacitive sensor adopts a unique three-dimensional(3-D)honeycomb weaving structure.The upper and lower layers are electrode layers,formed by interweaving conductive yarns as warp and weft to create a conductive network;the intermediate dielectric layer is woven with textile yarns and chemical fibers through a honeycomb-like organization to form a structure with interconnected pores,which can optimize the dielectric constant and enhance the response sensitivity.The three layers are connected using an integrated molding process:during weaving,interweaving yarns or special interweaving patterns are introduced to lock the three layers of yarns at the interweaving points,forming an overall structure without interface defects.This not only enhances the structural stability and durability but also avoids inter-layer slippage that interferes with the signal,meeting the precise monitoring requirements for flexible wearable scenarios.Results The fabric incorporates the use of texturized yarns for a fluffier and softer performance,giving the fabric excellent resilience,softness,breathability and moisture permeability,while enhancing the"compression-recovery"cyclic stability of the fabric capacitance sensor output signal.In terms of mechanical properties,the tensile stress of the 3-D honeycomb fabric gradually decreased with 10 cyclic tensile loading,which was attributed to the stress relaxation of the fabric when subjected to cyclic stress.On the washing test,the capacitance value of the fabric-based capacitive sensor showed overall decreasing after five washing cycles because the effects of detergent and water temperature.In addition,the fabric-based sensor maintained good air permeability(average air permeability being about 464.98 mm/s),and its excellent air permeability was attributed to the fact that the multilayer honeycomb structure of the fabric has fewer interweaving points,longer floating lengths,and larger gaps between the yarns that are favorable for air circulation.Meanwhile,this fabric-based capacitive sensor exhibits excellent bidirectional sensing performance,and maintains good durability and stability even after 2000 cycles of stretching and compressing tests.After 2000"stretch-recovery"cycles,the maximum error was 6.53%.Under 2000 cycles of"loading-unloading",the maximum difference in relative capacitance change rate was only 1.44%.A high sensitivity of 0.086 kPa^(-1) and a fast response time of<150 ms in the range of 0-10 kPa were achieved.The sensors were tested in three consecutive load/unload cycles at different loads(5,10,20 and 30 N)and showed good discrimination and stability at different load pressures.Conclusion Fabric-based capacitive sensors can be used to sense different complex body motions and monitor sensing,such as posture capture,limb bending,pressure monitoring,and so on,which validates their potential application in the field of smart health monitoring.Under two regular states of the human body(walking state and sitting up state),the fabric can distinguish the changing pattern of movement by the obvious change of capacitance signal.The fabric-based capacitive sensor maintains excellent stability and responsiveness during continuous finger(elbow)flexion and relaxation with different amplitudes or durations under a variety of regular bending motions(finger flexion and elbow flexion).It was tested as a sensor array to achieve a normal distribution of pressure for monitoring loads,and its application to a smart cushion showed good sensing response performance under different site pressures.
作者
张红霞
齐芳汐
赵静
邢毅
吕治家
ZHANG Hongxia;QI Fangxi;ZHAO Jing;XING Yi;L Zhijia(Weiqiao Textile Co.,Ltd.,Binzhou,Shandong 256200,China;Binzhou Weiqiao Institute of Technology,Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park,Binzhou,Shandong 256606,China;Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)
出处
《纺织学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期86-94,共9页
Journal of Textile Research
基金
泰山产业领军人才工程专项经费项目(tsjn20221129)
山东省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金项目(ZR2024LGY007)。
关键词
织物电子
一体成形
三维蜂巢结构
阵列式压力传感器
织物基电容传感器
织物基压力传感器
智能可穿戴纺织品
fabric electronic
one-piece molding
three-dimentional honeycomb structure
array pressure sensor
fabric-based capacitive sensor
fabric-based pressure sensor
smart wearable textile
