摘要
为建立盐碱地棉花花生等幅间作复合群体高效种植技术,改善盐碱地农业种植结构,提高盐碱地农作物种植抗风险能力,增加农民收入,以“等幅间作+新疆机采棉宽膜适配+机械化采收”为核心,打破非等幅间作与机械化适配性差、盐碱地专用等幅模式匮乏的瓶颈问题,设置棉花花生1∶1等幅间作模式(C_(1)P_(1)I)、2∶2等幅间作模式(C_(2)P_(2)I)、4∶4等幅间作模式(C_(4)P_(4)I)3个处理,以单作棉花(CK_(1))、单作花生(CK_(2))为对照,调查不同棉花花生等幅间作模式对盐碱地作物农艺性状、产量、品质和综合效益的影响。结果表明,棉花花生等幅间作模式相对于单一作物种植而言,产量和经济效益提高显著,对于增加抗风险能力和提高农民收入等方面具有积极作用。棉花花生不同等幅间作模式相较于单作棉花,对纤维品质的影响较小;棉花花生不同等幅间作处理,土地当量比(LER)、净效应比(NER)均大于1,群体种植优势明显,间作模式分别较单作模式增产4.02%、16.10%和4.69%,具有良好的抗价格波动风险的能力。初步筛选出2∶2等幅间作模式(C_(2)P_(2)I),较棉花单作籽粒产量增加4.49%,较花生单作荚果产量增加27.71%;土地当量比(LER)为1.1610,间作优势最为明显,净效应比(NER)分别较两个单作作物的预期产量增加14.54%,超额增产指数(TOI)较两个单作作物的最高产量高1.0%,适合在盐碱地进一步大面积示范推广和产业化应用,推广前景广阔。
In order to provide theoretical support for the establishment of efficient planting technology of cotton-peanut intercropping compound population in saline-alkali land,improve the agricultural planting structure of saline-alkali land,enhance the risk resistance of crop planting in saline-alkali land,increase farmers‘income.In this study,equal amplitude intercropping+wide film adaptation of Xinjiang machine-harvested cotton+mechanized harvesting’was taken as the core to break the bottleneck of poor adaptability of non-equal amplitude intercropping and mechanization,and lack of special equal amplitude mode for saline-alkali land.In order to clarify the effects of different cotton-peanut intercropping patterns on crop yield,quality and comprehensive benefits in saline-alkali land,three treatments of cotton-peanut_(1)∶1 equal-width intercropping pattern(C_(1)P_(1)I),2∶2 equal-width intercropping pattern(C_(2)P_(2)I)and_(4)∶4 equal-width intercropping pattern(C_(4)P_(4)I)were set up,with monoculture cotton(CK_(1))and monoculture peanut(CK_(2))as controls.The results showed that the yield and economic benefits of cotton and peanut intercropping were significantly higher than those of single crop planting,which had a positive effect on increasing risk resistance and increasing farmers income.Compared with monoculture cotton,different equal amplitude intercropping patterns of cotton and peanut had little effect on the change of fiber quality.The land equivalent ratio(LER)and net effect ratio(NER)of cotton-peanut intercropping were greater than_(1),and the advantages of population planting were obvious.The yield of intercropping mode was_(4).02%,16.10%and_(4).69%higher than that of monoculture mode,respectively,which exhibited good ability to resist the risk of price fluctuation.The_(2)∶2 equal-width intercropping mode(C_(2)P_(2)I)was preliminarily selected,Its grain yield increased by_(4).49%compared with cotton monoculture,and pod yield increased by_(2)7.71%compared with peanut monoculture.The land equivalent ratio(LER)was_(1).1610,and the intercropping advantage was the most obvious.The net effect ratio(NER)was_(1)4.54%higher than the expected yield of the two monoculture crops,and the excess yield increase index(TOI)was_(1).0%higher than the highest yield of the two monoculture crops.It is suitable for further large-scale demonstration and industrialization application in saline-alkali land,and the promotion prospect is broad.
作者
张磊磊
范阿棋
杜珊珊
马志华
李宗泽
秦金鑫
徐晓悦
陈晋瑞
ZHANG Leilei;FAN Aqi;DU Shanshan;MA Zhihua;LI Zongze;QIN Jinxin;XU Xiaoyue;CHEN Jinrui(Xinjiang Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Bayingol Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Crop Germplasm Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Korla 841000,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2025年第11期30-36,共7页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区油料产业技术体系资助项目(XJARS-05-16)。
关键词
棉花
花生
等幅间作
产量
品质
综合效益
cotton
peanuts
equal-width intercropping
yield
quality
comprehensive benefits
