摘要
滨海湿地作为生态-经济敏感带,是“三生”空间功能演变的典型载体。以辽河口国家公园为研究对象,集成2000—2024年多源遥感数据与GIS空间分析技术,结合支持向量机(SVM)分类与政策贡献度模型,定量解析旅游化进程中“三生”空间的时空分异规律,揭示滨海湿地型国家公园的空间重构机制。研究表明:(1)辽河口“三生”空间呈现“生态收缩-修复交替、生产-生活复合扩张”的动态特征。2000—2015年生态空间年均缩减7.96km^(2),主要受围海养殖与城镇扩张驱动;2015年后“退养还湿”工程推动湿地面积年均增长3.2km^(2),红海滩碱蓬草覆盖率从15%跃升至82%,生产-生态空间面积激增2140.16%,形成“政策驱动-生态修复-产业转型”的良性循环。(2)旅游化通过“稻田画”农旅融合、石油文化园活化等创新模式重构空间功能,景区内旅游用地增长321.43%,带动社区居民参与旅游服务,人均年收入增加,实现“生态价值-经济收益-民生改善”协同发展。(3)政策调控贡献度达64.8%,生态积分制与“三区三线”管控有效平衡保护与开发;可见辽河口构建的“政府主导-多元共治”模式在应对突发环境事件与社区协同治理中更具韧性,其“生产性保育”理念突破了传统隔离式保护的局限。研究为滨海湿地国家公园的“保护性开发”提供了可复制的空间优化路径与方法论支撑。
As an ecologically and economically sensitive zone,coastal wetlands serve as a typical carrier for the functional evolution of“Production⁃Living⁃Ecological Spaces”(PLES).This paper takes Liaohe Delta National Park as the research object,a critical coastal wetland ecosystem.The study employs a dual⁃method research approach,integrating multi⁃source remote sensing data from 2000 to 2024 with advanced GIS spatial analysis techniques.This method combines the Support Vector Machine(SVM)classification algorithm for precise land use/cover mapping and a policy contribution degree model to isolate governance impacts.This comprehensive approach enables us to conduct rigorous quantitative analysis of the spatiotemporal differentiation patterns of PLES changes under tourism pressure,revealing the spatial restructuring mechanisms of coastal wetland⁃type national parks.The core findings reveal three significant dimensions of change:(1)Dynamic PLES transition patterns:The PLES in the Liaohe Delta exhibit dynamic characteristics of“alternating ecological contraction and restoration,as well as composite expansion of production and living spaces”.From 2000 to 2015,ecological space underwent substantial degradation,declining at an average rate of 7.96 km^(2) per year,primarily due to land reclamation for aquaculture and urban encroachment.A decisive reversal occurred post—2015 with the implementation of the“Restoring Wetlands by Ending Aquaculture”initiative.This policy intervention drove an average annual increase in wetland area of 3.2 km^(2).Crucially,Suaeda salsa coverage in the ecologically iconic Red Beach surged dramatically from 15%to 82%,signaling robust habitat recovery.Concurrently,integrated production⁃ecological spaces experienced explosive growth of 2140.16%,forming a virtuous cycle of“policy driven⁃ecological restoration⁃industrial transformation”.(2)Tourismification as spatial reconstructor:Tourismification has fundamentally reshaped spatial functions through innovative place⁃making strategies.These include the integration of agriculture and tourism via visually striking“paddy field paintings”and the revitalization of decommissioned industrial sites into petroleum cultural parks.Consequently,dedicated tourism land within scenic zones expanded by 321.43%.This spatial restructuring actively engaged local communities in tourism services,elevating residents′per capita annual income and demonstrating the successful convergence of ecological value,economic benefits,and tangible livelihood improvement.(3)Policy efficacy and governance innovation:Policy regulation contributed 64.8%,with the ecological points system and“three zones and three lines”management framework proved instrumental in balancing conservation and development imperatives.This highlights the“government⁃led and multi⁃party co⁃governance”model established in the Liaohe Delta,which demonstrates greater resilience in addressing sudden environmental incidents and community collaborative governance,and its“productive conservation”philosophy overcomes the limitations of traditional isolated protection.It ultimately provides scientifically grounded,replicable spatial optimization strategies and methodological frameworks for advancing“protective development”in coastal wetland national parks.
作者
赵丽玲
宫贺
李鹏
王辉
郭建科
马楠
王熙尧
ZHAO Liling;GONG He;LI Peng;WANG Hui;GUO Jianke;MA Nan;WANG Xiyao(School of Geography,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;Institute of Marine Sustainable Development,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;City Institute,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116600,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第21期10445-10456,共12页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
辽宁省科学技术计划重点研发计划项目(2024JH2/102500088)。
关键词
国家公园
“三生”空间
旅游化
滨海湿地
辽河口
national park
production⁃living⁃ecological spaces
tourismification
coastal wetland
Liaohe Delta
