摘要
随着中国新能源汽车保有量的快速增加,高速公路充电难问题日益突出。分析明确新能源汽车充电行为特征是完善高速公路充电基础设施的前提,利用许广高速湖南省段沿线4个服务区24个充电桩共计2周的实际充电记录,分别从车端与充电桩端对新能源汽车充电行为进行分析。首先,从车端来看,服务区车辆以短充为主,平均充电时长和平均充电量分别为35 min和26.8 kW·h,但不同服务区、行驶方向和时间段的充电时长和充电量均有显著差异。此外,尽管充电枪额定充电功率为60 kW,但实际充电功率波动较大,平均充电功率仅为46.9 kW。其次,从充电桩端来看,充电桩平时利用不足、假期不够用的情况突出。五一假期期间,服务区充电桩日均充电44次,而工作日和周末仅为15次;日均利用率为53.3%,远高于工作日的19.3%和周末的17.9%。在此基础上,利用Beta回归模型对充电桩每天利用率进行回归分析,发现最高气温对充电桩利用率有显著负影响。基于研究结果,建议根据工作日和周末实际充电需求合理布置充电桩数量,在节假日则可以考虑通过增设移动充电桩来满足短时大量的充电需求。此外,针对不同时段、节假日、行驶方向和服务区,应考虑制定差异化的充电收费策略,激励驾驶人在充电高峰时段缩短充电时间,在充电低谷时段则延长充电时间。
With the rapid increase in new energy vehicles,freeway charging issues have become increasingly prominent.Understanding the charging behavior of these vehicles is crucial for optimizing charging infrastructure along freeways.The charging characteristics of new energy vehicles were analyzed based on two weeks of data from 24 charging piles across four service areas on the Xuguang Freeway in Hunan Province,China.The analysis considers both vehicle behavior and Charging Piles utilization.Regarding vehicle charging behavior,most sessions are relatively short,with an average charging duration of 35 minutes and an average energy transfer of 26.8 kW·h.However,both charging duration and volume vary substantially depending on the service area,travel direction,and time of day.Moreover,although the rated power of the charging piles is 60 kW,actual charging power varies significantly,averaging 46.9 kW.From the perspective of charging pile utilization,the facilities were underutilized during weekdays and weekends but experience high demand during holidays.For instance,a single charging pile recorded 44 daily sessions during the May Day holiday,compared to only 15 on regular days.Consequently,the daily utilization rate of a charging pile is 53.3%on May Day,compared to just 19.3%on weekdays and 17.9%on weekends.Beta regression model was established to identify significant factors influencing the utilization rates,revealing that maximum daily temperature has a significantly negative impact.Based on the findings,it is recommended that freeway charging infrastructure be planned according to typical weekday and weekend demand patterns.Additionally,mobile charging piles should be deployed during holidays to accommodate peak demand.Furthermore,charging fees should be dynamically adjusted based on factors such as time of day,holidays,travel periods,and service area to encourage shorter charging sessions during peak hours and longer sessions during off-peak periods.
作者
王星宇
彭逸辉
龙荣显
谭逸航
刘楚翔
刘晨辉
WANG Xing-yu;PENG Yi-hui;LONG Rong-xian;TAN Yi-hang;LIU Chu-xiang;LIU Chen-hui(College of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Hunan Provincial Expressway Group Limited,Changsha 410022,China;Transportation Research Center,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;National Key Laboratory of Bridge Safety and Resilience,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2025年第30期13150-13158,共9页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
湖南省交通运输厅科技项目(202205)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(531118010636)。
关键词
交通工程
新能源汽车
充电行为
高速公路服务区
traffic engineering
new energy vehicle
charging behavior
freeway service areas
