摘要
为研究光叶苕子(Vicia villosa)和肥田萝卜(Raphanus sativus)两种绿肥作物等氮量替代化肥对西葫芦产量、品质及果实形态的影响,以全部施用化肥为对照(CK),根据不同绿肥替代量设置10个处理(VM1~5和RM1~5)。结果表明,与肥田萝卜相比,光叶苕子替代化肥后对西葫芦生长的促进效果更佳。光叶苕子替代量达到40%时(VM4处理,60%化肥+40%光叶苕子),西葫芦的产量最高,比CK增加13.38%;果实长度和横径也显著增加,较CK分别增加了5.55%和11.53%。同时,光叶苕子等氮量替代化肥后,西葫芦现蕾期叶片叶绿素含量均有所增加,果实的营养组成也受到影响,粗纤维含量均有所降低,钾含量均显著增加,其中VM4处理的钾含量和VC含量均最高。此外,光叶苕子和肥田萝卜等氮量替代化肥都有助于降低西葫芦果实中的硝酸盐含量,其中VM4处理硝酸盐含量最低,比CK降低19.77%,差异显著。综上所述,60%化肥+40%光叶苕子的配施方案对西葫芦的产量和品质提升效果最佳。研究结果为云南西葫芦种植化肥减施提供了新的方案,对实现区域农业的可持续发展具有一定意义。
To investigate the effects of equal-nitrogen substitution of chemical fertilizers with two green manure crops,namely Vicia villosa and Raphanus sativus,on the yield,quality,and fruit morphology of zucchini,a control group(CK)with full application of chemical fertilizers was set up,along with 10 treatments(VM1-5 and RM1-5)based on different substitution rates of green manures.The results showed that compared with R.sativus,the substitution of chemical fertilizers with V.villosa had a better promoting effect on zucchini growth.When the substitution rate of V.villosa reached 40%(VM4 treatment,60%chemical fertilizer+40%V.villosa),the yield of zucchini was the highest,increasing by 13.38%compared with CK;the fruit length and diameter also increased significantly,by 5.55%and 11.53%respectively compared with CK.Meanwhile,after equal-nitrogen substitution of chemical fertilizers with V.villosa,the chlorophyll content in zucchini leaves during the budding stage increased,and the nutritional composition of zucchini fruits was also affected.The crude fiber content decreased,and the potassium content increased significantly.Among them,the VM4 treatment had the highest potassium content and VC content.In addition,equalnitrogen substitution of chemical fertilizers with both V.villosa and R.sativus helped reduce the nitrate content in zucchini fruits.Among all treatments,the VM4 treatment had the lowest nitrate content,which was 19.77%lower than that of CK,with a significant difference.In conclusion,the combined application scheme of 60%chemical fertilizer+40%V.villosa had the best effect on improving the yield and quality of zucchini.This study provides a new scheme for reducing chemical fertilizer application in zucchini cultivation in Yunnan,and is of certain significance for realizing the sustainable development of regional agriculture.
作者
刘晓阳
尹梅
付利波
王伟
王志远
陈华
杨艳鲜
张庆
杨济达
王应学
陈检锋
LIU Xiaoyang;YIN Mei;FU Libo;WANG Wei;WANG Zhiyuan;CHEN Hua;YANG Yanxian;ZHANG Qing;YANG Jida;WANG Yingxue;CHEN Jianfeng(Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,Yunnan,China;School of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China)
出处
《中国蔬菜》
北大核心
2025年第11期159-166,共8页
China Vegetables
基金
云南省乡村振兴科技专项(202504BI090005)
云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202002AE320005)
云南省曹卫东专家工作站项目(202305AF150016)。
关键词
光叶苕子
肥田萝卜
化肥减施
西葫芦
产量
品质
Vicia villosa
Raphanus sativus
reduced application of chemical fertilizers
zucchini
yield
quality
