摘要
非离子性多糖是一类以羟基为亲固基团和主要亲水基团的天然有机大分子化合物,其对非极性矿物(如滑石、辉钼矿、石墨)及极性氧化矿、硫化矿和盐类矿物等多种矿物均有选择性抑制作用,与矿物的相互作用机制与传统离子性药剂存在显著差异。系统归纳了非离子性多糖作为浮选药剂时的选择性抑制规律,揭示了该类多糖分子结构差异不影响其对矿物抑制能力的强弱顺序。进一步分析表明,非离子性多糖对矿物的抑制能力强弱与矿物表面极性特征(亲/疏水性)及酸碱性质密切相关。基于上述关联性,通过系统梳理非离子性多糖选择性抑制性能的机制及其判据研究进展,进一步证实了“酸碱作用主导极性矿物吸附机理”假说的合理性。归纳还发现,当前研究聚焦于对非离子性多糖作为浮选抑制剂的适用性的验证,拓展非离子性多糖适用分选的矿物组合范围,以及开发强化选择性抑制性能的表面调控方法。然而,不同种类非离子性多糖的分选性能对比研究尚不充分,实际矿石体系应用的技术经济可行性也需深入探索,上述可能是今后非离子性多糖类浮选药剂研究的重点。
Nonionic polysaccharides,a class of natural macromolecules characterized by hydroxyl groups serving as both anchoring groups and the primary hydrophilic groups,act as selective depressants for a diverse range of minerals.This includes non−polar minerals(such as talc,molybdenite,and graphite)as well as polar oxides,sulfides,and salt−type minerals.Their adsorption mechanisms on mineral surfaces differ fundamentally from those of conventional ionic reagents.This study systematically summarizes the selective depression regularities of nonionic polysaccharides as flotation reagents,revealing that variations in their molecular structures do not affect the ranking of their depression strength across minerals.Further analysis demonstrates that the depression strength ranking of nonionic polysaccharides exhibits a strong correlation with the polar characteristics(hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature)and acid−base properties of mineral surfaces.Building upon this correlation,a comprehensive review of recent advances in the mechanisms and criteria governing their selective depression performance provides further validation for the hypothesis that adsorption onto polar minerals is predominantly mediated by acid−base interactions.The synthesis further identifies that current research primarily focuses on validating the applicability of diverse nonionic polysaccharides as flotation depressants,expanding their utility to broader mineral systems,and developing surface modification approaches to enhance selective depression performance.Nevertheless,comparative evaluations of separation efficacy across polysaccharide types remain inadequate,while techno−economic viability in practical ore processing requires thorough investigation.These critical knowledge gaps should constitute a central focus for future research on polysaccharide−based depressants.
作者
张佳祺
王纪镇
闫荣禄
李甲伟
李成
ZHANG Jiaqi;WANG Jizhen;YAN Ronglu;LI Jiawei;LI Cheng(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,Shangxi,China)
出处
《矿产保护与利用》
2025年第5期110-123,共14页
Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources
基金
陕西省自然科学计划研究计划项目(2021JM394)。
关键词
非离子性多糖
酸碱作用
矿物类型
表面性质
non−ionic polysaccharides
acid−base interactions
mineral types
surface properties
