摘要
金属固态储氢技术是解决氢储运问题的关键路径之一,镁基材料因高的储氢容量(质量分数为7.6%)、低的成本和良好的可逆性而备受关注,但其脱氢温度高、动力学缓慢等问题亟待解决。本文聚焦稀土元素及其化合物在提高镁基储氢材料吸放氢性能中的作用机制,系统综述了稀土元素合金化与稀土材料催化改性的研究进展。研究表明,稀土合金化通过晶格重构与氢通道优化,显著改善动力学扩散速率,Mg-RE合金在10 min内可完成脱氢;稀土催化剂借助界面电子转移与多相协同效应,使MgH_(2)起始脱氢温度低于220℃。然而,稀土资源依赖性与复合体系相变机制不明确仍是规模化应用的瓶颈。未来研究需结合材料设计与绿色制备工艺,推动镁基储氢材料向高密度、低能耗和长寿命方向发展,助力氢能产业规模化进程。
Metal-based solid-state hydrogen storage technology is one of the critical pathways to address hydrogen storage and transportation challenges.Among these materials,magnesium-based materials have attracted significant attention due to their high hydrogen storage capacity 7.6%,low cost,and favorable reversibility.However,the high dehydrogenation temperature and sluggish kinetics remain unresolved.The mechanisms of rare earth elements and their compounds in enhancing the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials are focused on,with a systematic review of the research progress in rare earth element alloying and catalytic modification of rare earth materials.Studies demonstrate that rare earth alloying significantly reduces thermodynamic barriers through lattice reconstruction and the optimization of hydrogen diffusion channels,enabling Mg-RE alloys to complete dehydrogenation within 10 min.Rare earth catalysts lower the initial dehydrogenation temperature of MgH_(2) to below 220℃ via interfacial electron transfer and multiphase synergistic effects.Nevertheless,challenges such as reliance on rare earth resources and unclear phase transition mechanisms in composite systems persist as bottlenecks for large-scale applications.Future research should integrate material design with green preparation processes to advance magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials toward high-density,low-energy consumption,and long-cycle life development,thereby facilitating the scaling-up of the hydrogen energy industry.
作者
潘丰饶
范燕平
刘宝忠
PAN Fengrao;FAN Yanping;LIU Baozhong(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,Henan,China)
出处
《金属功能材料》
2025年第5期254-262,共9页
Metallic Functional Materials
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U22A20120)。
关键词
稀土元素
镁基储氢材料
合金化
催化改性
rare earth element
magnesium-based hydrogen storage material
alloying
catalytic modification
