摘要
目的调查浙江省淡水鱼和饮用水中地西泮污染水平和来源及居民膳食暴露风险,提出监管建议。方法分析2021—2024年浙江省养殖基地和市场环节采集的淡水鱼中地西泮残留量及2022—2023年浙江省7个地市抽检饮用水中地西泮含量,依据浙江省居民食物消费量调查数据,结合淡水鱼和饮用水中地西泮残留贡献率,采用食品安全指数法评估居民膳食暴露风险。结果检测淡水鱼样品4102份,地西泮含量0.630~381μg/kg,平均值为0.420μg/kg,总体合格率97.6%;饮用水样品49份,地西泮含量0.00300~0.0170μg/L,平均值为0.00500μg/L。食品中淡水鱼和饮用水地西泮暴露贡献率分别为51.0%和49.0%,不同性别年龄组地西泮慢性膳食暴露量平均值分别为2.27×10^(-4)μg/kg bw·d和2.18×10^(-4)μg/kg bw·d,且两者之和远低于人体造成器官损伤的最小量143μg/kg bw·d。结论淡水鱼和饮用水全人群地西泮单一污染慢性暴露风险商(chronic hazard quotient,cHQ)均小于1,急性暴露量小于人体造成器官损伤的最小量。食品中淡水鱼和饮用水作为地西泮膳食暴露主要贡献者,两者总体膳食暴露风险很小,属于安全范围;儿童组淡水鱼和饮用水中地西泮急性暴露量和慢性暴露量均相对较高,作为敏感人群需予以重点关注。现行有效标准GB 31650—2019《食品安全国家标准食品中兽药最大残留限量》规定动物源性食品中地西泮“不得检出”,建议严格执行标准,有效控制居民膳食地西泮摄入风险,维护渔业环境生态安全。
Objective To investigate the pollution levels,sources of diazepam in freshwater fish and drinking water in Zhejiang Province,and the dietary exposure risk to residents,and propose regulatory recommendations.Methods The residual levels of diazepam in freshwater fish collected from breeding bases and market links in Zhejiang Province from 2021 to 2024,and the spot-checked content of diazepam in drinking water from 7 cities in Zhejiang Province from 2022 to 2023 were analyzed.Based on the consumption data of Zhejiang residents,combined with the contribution rates of diazepam residues in freshwater fish and drinking water,the food safety index method was used to evaluate the dietary exposure risk to residents.Results A total of 4102 freshwater fish samples were detected,with diazepam content ranging from 0.630 to 381μg/kg,and the average value was 0.420μg/kg,the overall pass rate was 97.6%.For drinking water samples(49 samples),diazepam content ranged from 0.00300 to 0.0170μg/L,with an average value of 0.00500μg/L.The exposure contribution rates of diazepam in freshwater fish and drinking water in food were 51.0% and 49.0%,respectively.The average chronic dietary exposure amounts of diazepam for different gender and age groups were 2.27×10^(-4)μg/kg bw·d and 2.18×10^(-4)μg/kg bw·d,respectively,and the sum of the two was far lower than the minimum amount causing organ damage in the human body,143μg/kg bw·d.Conclusion The single-pollutant chronic exposure risk quotient chronic hazard quotient(cHQ)of diazepam in freshwater fish and drinking water for the entire population is less than 1,and the acute exposure amount is less than the minimum amount causing organ damage in the human body.Freshwater fish and drinking water are the main contributors to diazepam exposure in food,the overall dietary exposure risk of both was very small and falls within the safe range.The acute and chronic exposure amounts of diazepam in freshwater fish and drinking water for the children group are relatively high,and as a sensitive population,they need to be given special attention.The currently effective standard GB 31650—2019 National food safety standard-Maximum residue limits for veterinary drugs in food stipulates that diazepam must not be detected in animal-derived food products.It is recommended to strictly implement the standard,effectively control the dietary intake risk of diazepam among residents,and safeguard the ecological safety of the fishery environment.
作者
王鼎南
王扬
戴一科
李诗言
柯庆青
吴平谷
王绩凯
李康
WANG Ding-Nan;WANG Yang;DAI Yi-Ke;LI Shi-Yan;KE Qing-Qing;WU Ping-Gu;WANG Ji-Kai;LI Kang(Zhejiang Provincial Aquatic Product Technology Extension Station(Zhejiang Provincial Fishery Inspection and Disease Prevention and Control Center),Hangzhou 311100,China;Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310000,China;Research on Food Quality Inspection in Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310000,China)
出处
《食品安全质量检测学报》
2025年第22期329-336,共8页
Journal of Food Safety and Quality
基金
浙江省科技厅“领雁”研发计划项目(2022C02G1323086)
浙江省农业农村厅“三农九方”项目(2023SNJF069)。
关键词
淡水鱼
饮用水
地西泮
膳食暴露
风险评估
freshwater fish
drinking water
diazepam
dietary exposure
risk assessment
