摘要
目的了解重庆产玉米的重金属污染水平以及食用重庆产玉米的健康风险。方法从重庆6个区(县)(A、B、C、D、E、F)玉米连片种植区共采集玉米样本208份,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样本中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)含量,采用原子荧光光度计测定样本汞(Hg)含量。通过单因子污染指数(Pi)、内梅罗综合污染指数(P综合)评价重庆产玉米重金属污染状况,采用美国国家环境保护署推荐的环境健康风险评价模型评估食用重庆产玉米的健康风险。结果Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg含量值的变异系数在47.2%~206.3%之间。样本平均值的Pi和P综合均小于0.6;3个样本Pb、22个样本Cd的Pi大于1;A区样本Pb超标率为10.0%,B区样本Pb、Cd超标率分别为2.5%、12.5%,C、E、F区样本Cd超标率分别为17.5%、16.7%、6.2%;Cd、As平均值的致癌风险值在1×10^(-6)~1×10^(-4)之间,分别有40个、3个样本Cd、As致癌风险值大于1×10^(-4);各重金属的非致癌风险系数小于1。结论重庆产玉米重金属污染处于安全水平;样本的重金属污染分布不均,部分样本Pb、Cd处于污染状态;重金属Cd、As平均致癌风险可接受;非致癌重金属风险可接受。
Objective To assess the heavy metal pollution levels in Zea mays L.produced in Chongqing and evaluate the potential health risks associated with its consumption.Methods The 208 Zea mays L.samples were collected from contiguous planting areas in 6 regions(counties)(A,B,C,D,E,F)in Chongqing.The concentrations of lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),nickel(Ni)and arsenic(As)were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,while Hg levels were measured using atomic fluorescence spectrometry.The heavy metal pollution status of Chongqing-produced Zea mays L.was evaluated using the single-factor pollution index(Pi)and the Nemerow composite pollution index(Pcomprehensive).The health risks of consuming the Zea mays L.were assessed using the environmental health risk evaluation model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.Results The coefficients of variation for the content values of Pb,Cd,Cr,As and Hg ranged from 47.2% to 206.3%.The average Pi and Pcomprehensive values of the samples were both less than 0.6.Among the samples,3 exhibited Pi more than 1 for Pb and 22 exhibited Pi more than 1 for Cd.In region A,the Pb exceedance rate was 10.0%,while in region B,the exceedance rates for Pb and Cd were 2.5% and 12.5%,respectively.Regions C,E and F had Cd exceedance rates of 17.5%,16.7% and 6.2%,respectively.The average carcinogenic risk values for Cd and As fell within the range of 1×10^(-6) to 1×10^(-4),while the carcinogenic risk values more than 1×10^(-4) for Cd in 40 samples and for As in 3 samples.The non-carcinogenic hazard index for all heavy metals was less than 1.Conclusion The heavy metal pollution of Zea mays L.produced in Chongqing is at a safe level;the distribution of heavy metal pollution in the samples is uneven,with some samples being contaminated with Pb and Cd;the average carcinogenic risk of heavy metals Cd and As is acceptable;the risk of non carcinogenic heavy metals is acceptable.
作者
黄永川
曾婷婷
付婷婷
张伟
高静
龚久平
唐明凤
HUANG Yong-Chuan;ZENG Ting-Ting;FU Ting-Ting;ZHANG Wei;GAO Jing;GONG Jiu-Ping;TANG Ming-Feng(Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision,Inspection and Testing Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chongqing 401329,China)
出处
《食品安全质量检测学报》
2025年第22期222-229,共8页
Journal of Food Safety and Quality
基金
重庆市关键核心技术攻关项目(KYLX20250600184)
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1249)
重庆市级财政科技创新类项目(KYLX20240500111)。
关键词
玉米
重金属
健康风险评估
重庆
Zea mays L.
heavy metal
health risk assessment
Chongqing
