摘要
为了探究不同海区适宜栽培的海带(Saccharina japonica)品种及其高产、高质养殖技术,选取桑沟湾海域深度低区(水深5~15 m)、深度中区(水深15~20 m)、深度高区(20~30 m)进行“荣福”、“205”、“黄官1号”3个品种海带的栽培实验。实验于2022年11月-2023年6月开展,每月中旬采样并测定各海区环境因子(水温、盐度、营养盐)、海带生长指标(体长、体宽、鲜质量、干质量、鲜干比)的时空变化。结果显示,3个海区环境因子皆存在时空差异,低区水温、盐度变化幅度相对较大,营养盐含量相对较低;不同海区、不同品种海带的生长性状不同,2022年12月-2023年4月是海带快速生长期,2023年5-6月海带生长缓慢甚至出现体长负增长,但干物质积累持续增大;体长、鲜质量、干质量均为2023年6月中区“205”最大,其鲜干比则最小;体宽2023年6月低区“荣福”最大;2023年5-6月,低区“荣福”枯烂最严重。研究表明,海带生长与海区环境因子及海带品种有关;低、中、高海区适宜栽培的优质海带品种分别为“荣福”、“205”、“黄官1号”。研究结果可为不同海区优选适宜海带品种栽培、海带的适时科学采收、海带离岸养殖等提供数据支撑和指导。
In order to explore the suitable cultivation of Saccharina japonica varieties in different sea areas and their high-yield and high-quality breeding techniques,the cultivation experiments of three varieties of Saccharina japonica,“Rongfu”,“205”and“Huangguan no.1”were carried out by selecting shallow area(water depth 5-15 m),medium area(water depth 15-20 m)and deep area(water depth 20-30 m)in aquaculture sea areas of Sanggou Bay from November 2022 to June 2023.The seawater and experimental kelps at three sampling stations in shallow,medium and deep sea areas of Sanggou Bay were sampled and measured for seven consecutive voyages in the middle of each month during the experimental period to obtain the spatial and temporal characteristics of each environmental factor and the growth indexes of three varieties.The environmental factors included water depth,flow velocity,transparency,water temperature,salinity and nutrients,of which nutrients refered to dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)and phosphate(PO_(4)-P)in seawater.The growth indexes included body length,body width,fresh body weight,dry body weight and fresh-dry ratio.The results showed that there were spatial and temporal differences in water temperature,salinity and nutrient in shallow,medium and deep aquaculture areas of Sanggou Bay.The water temperature and salinity in shallow area changed greatly,and the nutrient content was relatively low.The growth traits of different sea areas and different varieties of kelp were different.Three varieties of kelp in shallow,medium and deep sea areas all grew rapidly from December 2022 to April 2023.However,the growth of kelp was slow or even negative from May to June 2023,but the dry matter accumulation continued to increase.“205”in medium sea area showed the largest body length,fresh body weight and dry body weight in June 2023,and the smallest fresh-dry ratio.The maximum body width of“Rongfu”in shallow sea area was 47.70 cm in June 2023.“Rongfu”withered most seriously in shallow sea area from May to June 2023.The research showed that the growth of kelp was related to the environmental factors in aquaculture sea areas of Sanggou Bay and the varieties of kelp.The high-quality kelp varieties suitable for cultivation in shallow,medium and deep sea areas were“Rongfu”,“205”and“Huangguan no.1”,respectively.The results can provide data support and guidance for the selection of suitable varieties of kelp cultivation in different sea areas,timely scientific harvesting of kelp,and offshore aquaculture of kelp.
作者
王珊珊
WANG Shanshan(Weihai Ocean Vocational College,Rongcheng Shandong 264300,China;Shandong Engineering Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Economic Algae Resources Development and Utilization,Rongcheng Shandong 264300,China;Weihai Microalgae Germplasm Resources Development Engineering Technology Reaearch Center,Rongcheng Shandong 264300,China)
出处
《海洋渔业》
北大核心
2025年第5期610-618,共9页
Marine Fisheries
基金
山东省海洋经济藻类资源开发与利用工程技术协同创新中心专项(MADU20210002)
山东省高等职业教育水产养殖技术高水平专业群(2022-33)
山东省高等学校青创人才引育计划食品加工技术技能创新团队项目(2019-133)。
关键词
桑沟湾
水深
海带
环境因子
生长性状
Sanggou Bay
water depth
Saccharina japonica
environmental factor
growth trait
