摘要
针对航空航天装备在极端温度与复杂载荷耦合作用下对高可靠性高弹性柔性构件的迫切需求,本研究通过真空熔炼–冷拔–退火协同控制技术制备出宽温域高超弹应力的Ni_(51)Ti_(47)Nb_(2)合金丝材,并采用模具热定型工艺成功研制出适用于航空航天领域的高弹柔性铰链。结果表明,经400℃、10 min退火处理的合金丝材在–120~120℃温域内呈现1616.5 MPa的高超弹应力和6%的拉伸超弹应变,其超弹应力的温度依赖性(dσ/dT=3.3 MPa/℃)较传统超弹NiTi合金降低约50%;所研制的柔性铰链在–120℃低温环境下经历70%拉伸应变循环10次后,形状回复率仍保持96%,且未出现力学性能衰减。该柔性铰链已成功应用于深空探测器的弹性展开机构,突破了传统金属材料在极端温度–复杂载荷耦合工况下的超弹性能极限,为航空航天装备的轻量化设计与可靠性提升提供了创新性解决方案。
To address the urgent demand for high-reliability,high-elasticity flexible components in aerospace applications under extreme temperatures and complex load coupling,this study developed Ni_(51)Ti_(47)Nb_(2) alloy wires using a vacuum melting-cold drawing-annealing synergistic control process.Further,high-elastic flexible hinges tailored for aerospace applications were successfully fabricated via mold-based thermal shaping.Experimental results demonstrate that alloy wires annealed at 400℃for 10 min exhibit exceptional superelastic stress of 1616.5 MPa and a tensile superelastic strain of 6%across a wide temperature range from–120℃to 120℃.Notably,the temperature dependence of superelastic stress(dσ/dT=3.3 MPa/℃)is reduced by approximately 50%compared to traditional NiTi alloys.The flexible hinges,subjected to 70%tensile strain cyclic testing for 10 cycles at–120℃,retained a shape recovery rate of 96%without degradation in mechanical performance.These hinges have been successfully deployed in the elastic deployment mechanisms of deep space exploration probes,overcoming the limitations of conventional metallic materials under extreme temperature and complex load coupling conditions.This achievement marks a significant advancement in superelastic performance,offering an innovative solution for lightweight design and enhanced reliability in aerospace systems.
作者
王美
刘何龙
戴广永
焦云雷
曾磊
郝世杰
WANG Mei;LIU Helong;DAI Guangyong;JIAO Yunlei;ZENG Lei;HAO Shijie(Tianjin Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Equipment,Tianjin 300458,China;China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Space Robotic System Technology and Applications,Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)
出处
《航空制造技术》
北大核心
2025年第22期88-96,共9页
Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4600500)。
关键词
超弹合金
柔性铰链
马氏体相变
宽温域
航空航天
Superelastic alloy
Flexible hinges
Martensitic phase transformation
Wide temperature range
Aerospace applications
