摘要
【目的】春大豆主产区存在过量施肥、养分比例失衡、肥料利用率低等问题。利用基于产量反应和农学效率的大豆养分专家系统进行推荐施肥,并验证其增产增收潜力。【方法】2021—2024年在黑龙江省春大豆主产区开展47个田间试验,设置大豆养分专家推荐施肥处理(NE),并在NE处理基础上设不施氮肥处理(NEN)、不施磷肥处理(NE-P)及不施钾肥处理(NE-K),同时设置农民习惯施肥(FP)和测土配方推荐施肥处理(ST),共6个处理,在成熟期测定大豆产量,并计算养分利用效率及经济效益。【结果】在黑龙江省春大豆主产区,生产1 t大豆籽粒,地上部氮、磷和钾养分需求量分别为54.8、7.9和20.5 kg;大豆氮、磷和钾肥的平均产量反应分别为421.4、395.8和418.3 kg/hm^(2);氮、磷和钾肥平均农学效率分别为9.5、8.1和9.1 kg/kg;氮、磷和钾肥的平均肥料利用率分别为37.3%、18.9%和24.0%。与FP比较,NE和ST处理的大豆产量和经济效益均大幅提升,产量分别提升12.6%和7.1%,经济效益分别提升14.2%和6.7%;肥料施用量大幅减少。与ST相比,NE处理的大豆产量平均增加5.2%,经济效益平均提高7.1%。【结论】经过大量田间试验验证,采用基于产量反应和农学效率大数据建立的大豆养分专家系统进行施肥推荐,较常规的测土施肥方法进一步优化了肥料用量,提高了春大豆产量、经济效益和养分利用率,是适合我国国情的大豆轻简高效推荐施肥方法。
【Objectives】Excessive and unbalanced fertilization is common in the spring soybean production of Heilongjiang Province,leading to low fertilizer utilization efficiency and production profits.We constructed a soybean nutrient expert system based on the yield responses and agronomic efficiencies,and tested its yield and economic effect through field experiments.【Methods】From 2021 to 2024,47 field experiments were conducted in the main spring soybean-producing areas of Heilongjiang Province.Six treatments were set up,including the fertilization treatment recommended by the soybean nutrient expert system(NE),as well as treatments without nitrogen fertilizer application(NE-N),without phosphorus fertilizer application(NE-P),and without potassium fertilizer application(NE-K)based on the NE treatment.Additionally,the farmers’fertilization practice(FP),and fertilizer recommendation based on soil testing(ST).The soybean yield,nutrient utilization efficiency and economic benefit responses were investigated at harvest.【Results】In the main soybean production area of Heilongjiang,the above-ground N,P and K requirements of spring soybeans for producing 1 t of soybean grain were 54.8, 7.9 and 20.5 kg, respectively;the average yield responses of N, P and K fertilizer were 421.4, 395.8 and 418.3 kg/hm^(2), respectively;the average agronomic efficiencies of N, P and K fertilizers were 9.5, 8.1 and 9.1 kg/kg, respectively;the average fertilizer use efficiencies of soybean for N, P, and K were 37.3%, 18.9%, and 24.0%, respectively. Compared with FP, both the soybean yields and economic benefits under NE and ST treatments increased significantly, the yields rose by 12.6% and 7.1% respectively, while the economic benefits improved by 14.2% and 6.7% respectively. Additionally, the amount of fertilizer applied was substantially reduced. Compared with ST, the yield of soybeans treated with NE increased by an average of 5.2%, and the economic benefit increased by an average of 7.1%.【Conclusions】A large number of field trials proved the priority of NE-based fertilization recommendation over the conventional method based on soil testing in increasing yield, economic benefits, and nutrient utilization efficiency of spring soybeans, so is a available soybean fertilization recommendation technique for the actual production of soybean.
作者
刘双全
姬景红
郝小雨
马星竹
郑雨
赵月
王伟
刘颖
张明怡
郝帅
LIU Shuang-quan;JI Jing-hong;HAO Xiao-yu;MA Xing-zhu;ZHENG Yu;ZHAO Yue;WANG Wei;LIU Ying;ZHANG Ming-yi;HAO Shuai(Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation&Utilization/Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Black Soil Farmland Protection,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期2126-2132,共7页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
农田智慧施肥项目(20221805)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1501305,2023YFD2301605)。
关键词
大豆养分专家系统
产量反应
农学效率
养分利用率
Nutrient Expert system for soybeans
yield response
agronomic efficiency
nutrient use efficiency
