摘要
针对中国东北黑土区长期高强度耕作与化肥过量施用引发的土壤退化问题,鉴于黑土地保护与可持续利用的迫切需求,于2024年5—10月份,以黑龙江省阿城区典型黑土为研究对象,玉米为供试作物,设置包含不同氮肥施加量与2种炭基材料组合的14个处理组,探究上述处理对土壤理化性质的动态变化、玉米产量形成规律及氮肥利用效率的调控作用。设定不施肥(CK)为空白组、常规施肥(CF)为对照组,在减氮10%、20%条件下,施加不同梯度水热腐殖炭和生物炭各3组(氮肥减施量用N1、N2表示,水热腐殖炭或生物炭施加梯度用H1、H2、H3或B1、B2、B3表示)。结果表明:施加水热腐殖炭和生物炭均对土壤有改良效果,水热腐殖炭效果优于生物炭,其中,氮肥减量10%、水热腐殖炭施加7.8 t·hm^(-2)为最佳施肥模式;与常规施肥处理相比,土壤容重降低5.28%,孔隙度提高4.37%,土壤硝态氮、有效磷分别增加17.71%和24.04%,玉米产量提高8.17%,氮肥利用率提高46.13%。
To address the soil degradation caused by long-term intensive cultivation and excessive fertilizer application in black soil region of Northeast China,this study focused on the needs of black soil conservation and sustainable utilization.The study was conducted from May to October 2024,focusing on a typical phaeozem(black soil)in Acheng District,Heilongjiang Province,with maize as the test crop.It systematically investigated the improvement effects of nitrogen reduction combined with novel carbonbased materials(hydrothermal humic carbon and biochar),revealing their impacts on soil physicochemical properties,maize yield formation,and nitrogen use efficiency.Field experiments with maize were conducted using 14 treatments:a no-fertilizer control(CK),a conventional fertilization control(CF),and three groups each under 10%and 20%nitrogen reduction conditions combined with varying gradients of hydrothermal humic carbon or biochar(denoted as N1,N2 for nitrogen reduction levels and H1,H2,H3 or B1,B2,B3 for charcoal application gradients).Results demonstrated that both amendments improved soil quality,with hydrothermal humic carbon outperforming biochar.The N1H3 treatment(10%nitrogen fertilizer reduction,hydrothermal humic carbon application at 7.8 t·hm^(-2))emerged as the optimal fertilization mode,showing compared to CF:5.28%reduction in soil bulk density,4.37%increase in porosity,17.71%and 24.04%increased in soil nitrate nitrogen and available nutrient content respectively,along with 8.17%yield improvement and 46.13%enhancement in nitrogen use efficiency.
作者
乔宇
杨帆
赵莹
QIAO Yu;YANG Fan;ZHAO Ying(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;International Cooperation Joint Laboratory of Health in Cold Region Black Soil Habitat of the Ministry of Education,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《东北农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期131-147,共17页
Journal of Northeast Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划-黑土地保护与利用科技创新专项(2022YFD1500100-03)
国家自然科学基金项目(52279034)。
关键词
氮肥减施
水热腐殖炭
生物炭
土壤理化性质
玉米产量
nitrogen reduction
hydrothermal humic carbon
biochar
soil physicochemical properties
maize yield
