摘要
目前,常规搅拌摩擦焊最显著的缺点是焊缝尾端留有“匙孔”,因此研发带搅拌针回抽功能的机械主轴实现尾孔的填充和消除具有重要意义。运用回抽式机械技术、无匙孔焊接工艺、伺服控制和有限元分析等方法,开展了机械结构设计、驱动系统选型、搅拌头受力计算、轴承受力、发热量和寿命计算,以及主轴静力学和稳态热力学分析。结果说明以6061-T6最大焊接厚度为工况计算的顶锻力和前进抗力值与焊接时控制系统界面的数据基本一致,主轴稳态温度场和热变形有限元分析结果与焊接时主轴热源分布规律一致,验证了理论计算和仿真的正确性。且采用花键式回抽轴、短拉刀杆和伺服电动缸组成的回抽装置相对传统的长拉杆将油缸和回抽搅拌头连接或行星丝杠和同步带轮式的结构有明显的优势,避免了长拉杆与主轴中心孔干涉和行星丝杠结构复杂占空间的问题,主轴结构紧凑,刚性好,精度高。同时,开展了主轴焊接工艺验证,取得了良好的效果,推动了回抽技术的发展和应用。
At present,the most significant disadvantage of conventional friction stir welding is that there is a"keyhole"at the end of the weld.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop a mechanical spindle with stirring pin re-extraction function to realize the filling and elimination of the tail hole.The mechanical structure design,drive system selection,stirring head force calculation,bearing force,calorific value and life calculation,spindle statics and steady-state thermodynamic analysis are carried out by using the methods of re-pumping mechanical technology,keyhole-free welding process,servo control and finite element analysis.The results show that the upsetting force and forward resistance calculated by the maximum welding thickness of 6061-T6 are basically consistent with the data of the control system interface during welding.The finite element analysis results of the steady-state temperature field and thermal deformation of the spindle are consistent with the distribution law of the spindle heat source during welding,which verifies the correctness of the theoretical calculation and simulation.In addition,compare with the traditional long pull rod,the pullback device composed of spline pullback shaft,short pull rod and servo electric cylinder has obvious advantages in connecting the oil cylinder and the pullback stirring head or the structure of planetary screw and synchronous pulley,which avoids the interference between the long pull rod and the central hole of the main shaft and the space occupied by the complex structure of the planetary screw,and realizes the compact structure,good rigidity and high precision of the main shaft.At the same time,the verification of the spindle welding process has been carried out,and good results have been achieved,which has promoted the development of the re-pumping technology.
作者
柯治成
何艳兵
徐奕条
张东升
Ke Zhicheng;He Yanbing;Xu Yitiao;Zhang Dongsheng(Guangzhou Risong Intelligent Technology Holding Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510535,China)
出处
《机电工程技术》
2025年第20期162-167,共6页
Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology
基金
广州开发区国际科技合作项目(2023GH19)。
关键词
回抽式机械主轴
搅拌摩擦焊
有限元分析
伺服电动缸
retractable mechanical spindle
friction stir welding
finite element analysis
servo electric cylinder
