摘要
研究三峡水库变动回水区鱼类产卵栖息地的适宜性,分析不同工况的影响,为水库梯级生态调度及协调水库运行与长江上游鱼类资源保护提供科学依据。聚焦三峡水库变动回水区木洞镇-长寿江段,以圆筒吻鮈和铜鱼为研究对象,基于野外调查和历史数据,构建一维水动力模型(HEC-RAS)与CASiMiR-1D栖息地模型,结合2种鱼类产卵期的水深、流速需求,采用模糊逻辑方法开展不同水位-流量工况下鱼类产卵栖息地适宜性评价,并对评价模型进行验证。结果显示,2种鱼均在水位150 m、流量10000 m^(3)/s时达到最佳栖息地条件,其产卵栖息地适宜性随水位上升呈非线性衰减,水位超过160 m时栖息地质量显著恶化,高水位下需更大流量才能部分缓解不利影响,且150~155 m水位结合8000~12000 m^(3)/s流量构成最优工况窗口;研究明确水位是2种鱼类产卵栖息地退化的主导因子,流量调节仅能在有限范围内缓解高水位的不利影响,建议在繁殖季(4—6月)实施上述最优工况的生态调度方案。
The operation of Three Gorges Reservoir has significantly changed the hydrological regimes of the reservoir area,forming a unique hydrodynamic environment in the fluctuating backwater area and seriously impacting the spawning habitat of fish endemic to the upper reaches of Yangtze River.In this study,Rhinogobio cylindricus and Coreius heterodon were selected for research,and we evaluated the spawning habitats of the two species in the fluctuating backwater zone of Three Georges Reservoir.The study was based on field surveys of early stage fish resource and historical data at Mudongzhen-Changshou section of the fluctuating backwater area.Taking water depth and flow velocity as the key environmental factors,a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a CASiMiR-1D habitat suitability model were constructed,and the fuzzy logic method was used to simulate and evaluate the suitability of spawning habitats in the fluctuating backwater zone under different operating conditions.The aim of the study was to provide scientific support for the ecological operation of cascaded reservoirs and conservation of fishery resources in the upper Yangtze River.Results show that different combinations of water level and flow rate significantly alter water depth and flow velocity distribution in the Mudongzhen-Changshou section of the fluctuating backwater zone.The optimal spawning habitat suitability for both R.cylindricus and C.heterodon is at a water level of 150 m and a flow rate of 10000 m^(3)/s,with weighted usable areas(WUA)of 6.9 km²and 10.1 km²,respectively.Spawning habitat suitability exhibited a nonlinear decline with rising water level,and habitat quality deteriorated significantly when the water level exceeded 160 m.As water level rises,a larger flow is required to maintain a suitable spawning area for the two fish species.Our study also revealed that water level is the dominant factor in spawning habitat degradation,and flow regulation can only alleviate the adverse effects of high-water level to a limited extent.Further analysis showed that a water level of 150⁃155m combined with a flow of 8000-12000 m^(3)/s is optimal for spawning,and we recommend ecological operation during the breeding season of the two species(April-June).This research provides a scientific basis for coordinating reservoir operation to protect fish resources.
作者
李杨
林东升
唐金勇
赵金明
杨志
张鹏
LI Yang;LIN Dongsheng;TANG Jinyong;ZHAO Jinming;YANG Zhi;ZHANG Peng(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China;Chongqing Jialingjiang Lize Avionics Development Co.,Ltd.,Hechuan 401500,P.R.China;Sichuan Port and Navigation Jialingjiang Jinsha Avionics Development Co.,Ltd.,Langzhong 637400,P.R.China;Yunnan Institute of Water&Hydropower Engineering Investigation,design and Research,Kunming 650021,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem,Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China)
出处
《水生态学杂志》
北大核心
2025年第6期58-70,共13页
Journal of Hydroecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52179142)
湖北省技术创新重点研发项目(2023BCB110)
重庆嘉陵江利泽航电开发有限公司科研项目(LZ-DL-2024-021)
国家自然科学基金项目(52200233)。
关键词
变动回水区
产卵栖息地
栖息地适宜性模型
模糊逻辑
生态调度
三峡水库
fluctuating backwater area
spawning habitat
habitat suitability modeling
fuzzy logic
ecological operation
Three Gorges Reservoir
