摘要
油水乳液是一种稳定的胶体分散物,由微观尺度的液滴分散在不相混溶的连续相中而成,其广泛应用于石油化工、食品加工、临床制药以及化妆品生产等领域。在使用过程中,部分油水乳液会以废水的形式产生,如果在排放时处理不当会对生活和环境造成极大危害。与传统的分离技术相比,膜分离技术具有分离效率高、无相变、能耗低、成本低和装置简单等优点,因而成为研究人员处理含油废水的首选之一。二维破乳分离膜材料具有孔径均匀、破乳效率高和浸润性可控等独特优势,可以通过纳米孔道和表面特性的协同作用实现油水乳液的高效破乳和分离。本文首先对破乳材料的破乳机制进行了分类和介绍,即通过不同材料的作用机制破坏油水乳液的稳定界面膜,实现其分离成两相。其次详述了二维破乳分离膜材料的设计原则和关键参数。最终全面综述了二维破乳分离膜材料的4种类型及相应的典型案例,通过对该领域的前沿研究进行深入分析和探讨,为相关研究人员提供参考和帮助,推动油水乳液废水处理技术的发展,从而实现高效、环保的废水处理和资源回收。
Oil-water emulsion is a stable colloidal dispersion made of microscopic droplets dispersed in an immiscible continuous phase,which is widely used in the fields of petrochemicals,food processing,clinical pharmaceuticals,and cosmetics production.Generally,oil-water emulsion is obtained from wastewater,and if it is discharged without proper treatment,it will cause great harm to life and the environment.Compared with traditional separation technology,membrane separation technology has several advantages,such as high separation efficiency,no phase change,low energy consumption,low cost,and simple device,thus becoming the researchers'first choice to treat oily wastewater.Common two-dimensional demulsification separation membrane materials have the unique advantages of uniform pore size,high demulsification efficiency,and controllable wettability,which can realize efficient demulsification and separation of oil-water emulsion through the synergistic effect of nanopores and surface properties.This review firstly classified and introduced the demulsification mechanism of the demulsification materials.Demulsification mechanisms could be divided into four main categories:sieving demulsification,physical demulsification,chemical demulsification,and electrostatic demulsification.Sieving demulsification used the pore size of the material to screen the droplets,and then intercepted them into a narrow space to contact each other and combine,which ultimately separated the droplets of emulsion,with a smaller pore size,wettability with numerous different advantages.Physical demulsification used a particular form of the material(various micro and nanostructures)or irregular pores on the emulsion droplets to physically destroy the droplets,leading to the deformation and destabilization of the emulsion.Chemical demulsification was the use of chemical components on the substrate or chemical demulsifiers and oil droplets or surfactants to react,reducing the stability of the oil/water boundary membrane,to break the emulsion.Electrostatic demulsification was based on the electrostatic interactions between charged substances and charged droplets to destabilize droplets for demulsification,which was usually defined as the charge shielding effect,and had the advantages of simplicity,rapidity,and non-introduction of external contaminants.Secondly,the design principles and critical parameters of two-dimensional demulsification separation membrane materials were described in detail.The design principles mainly included:(1)selection of a suitable demulsification mechanism,when designing membrane materials,the characteristics of specific emulsions should be considered comprehensively,and the appropriate demulsification mechanism should be selected according to the desired demulsification effect;(2)good hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties,so that the membrane material could be adsorbed at the oil/water interface,reduced the interfacial tension,and promoted the aggregation,fragmentation and separation of oil droplets in the emulsion;(3)good biodegradability and environmental friendliness,could be biodegraded in the natural environment,and would not cause pollution or harm to the environment.Important design parameters included,but were not limited to:pore size,porosity,surface properties,material morphology,particle size,and chemical composition.Finally,four types of two-dimensional demulsification separation membrane materials and the corresponding typical cases were comprehensively reviewed.Two-dimensional demulsification membrane materials could be classified into metal-based membranes,inorganic oxide membranes,electrostatically spun polymer membranes,and biomass-based fiber membranes according to the different membrane-forming materials.Through in-depth analysis and discussion of the cutting-edge research in this field,it aimed to provide references and help for the related research,promote the development of oil-water emulsion wastewater treatment technology,and realize efficient and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment and resource recovery.
作者
万武波
李雨
史亚琴
张鹏
Wan Wubo;Li Yu;Shi Yaqin;Zhang Peng(Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya 572202,China;School of Science,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya 572202,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)
出处
《稀有金属》
北大核心
2025年第8期1276-1288,共13页
Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(22068012)
三亚市重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ-SY-2020-001)
海南热带海洋学院崖州湾创新研究院重大科技计划项目(2022CXYZD003)
海南省深海技术创新中心“深海技术产业促进专项”(DSTIC-CYCJ-2022004)资助。
关键词
油水乳液
破乳
油水分离
分离膜
oil-water emulsion
demulsification
oil-water separation
separation membrane
