摘要
作为新一轮科技革命和产业变革的重要驱动力量,人工智能(AI)技术已经成为影响跨国企业对外投资的关键因素。本文利用2015-2022年外资企业微观数据及城市人工智能产业链节点数据,系统考察城市AI发展对吸引FDI的作用效果,并探究其作用机制。研究发现:城市AI发展水平提升对吸引FDI具有显著的激励作用,经过一系列稳健性及内生性检验后结论依然成立。考虑地域特征、行业特征、AI节点分布产业链特征及外资企业特征因素后的估计结果存在异质性。作用机制方面,AI发展通过消费潜力激发、投资创业活力提振、产业协同集聚三重路径对FDI产生促进作用。本文研究结论对当前中国高科技发展、高水平利用外资目标实现及区域协调发展具有重要的政策启示。
Since the reform and opening up,FDI has always been one of the indispensable engines driving China's economic growth.In the current context of establishing a new development pattern of"dual circulation",efficiently introducing and utilizing foreign capital plays a crucial role in promoting high-quality economic development.On the other hand,accompanied by the rapid development of informatization and digital technological revolutions,machine learning and neural network technologies have matured swiftly in recent years.Emerging information technologies such as cloud computing,big data,and the Internet of Things have risen,ushering in a breakthrough in artificial intelligence.The commercial application of Al technologies across various fields has been realized,bringing significant changes to many aspects of social production and daily life.In the present atmosphere of intensified FDI in China's"intelligent manufacturing",systematically exploring the effects of artificial intelligence development on""stabilizing foreign investment"holds significant theoretical research value and offers pathways for achieving high-level utilization of foreign capital under the new"dual circulation"development pattern.This paper utilizes micro data from foreign-funded enterprises in China from 2015 to 2022 and data on city AI industry chain nodes to systematically examine how the development of AI influences the FDI in China.This study finds that:(1)The development of AI has a significant incentive effect on attracting FDI,and this conclusion remains robust after a series of rigorous tests.(2)In terms of mechanisms,AI development promotes FDI through three pathways:stimulating consumption potential,boosting investment and entrepreneurship vitality,and enabling industrial synergy and agglomeration.(3)The heterogeneity test results show that compared to inland cities,the incentive effect of AI development on attracting FDI in eastern coastal cities is more obvious;Compared to ordinary prefecture level cities,the incentive effect of AI development on attracting FDI in municipalities directly under the central government and sub provincial cities is more significant.In terms of differences in urban industrial structure,compared to regions with developed manufacturing and service industries,the role of AI development in attracting FDI to cities with underdeveloped manufacturing and service industries is more prominent.In addition,compared to the AI foundation layer,the FDI attraction effect of the AI technology layer and application layer node enterprises,especially in the field of Al scenario applications is particularly prominent.Compared to small businesses,the development of AI is more attractive for FDI by large and medium-sized foreign-fundedenterprises.The policy implications of this study are multifaceted.First,it is necessary to consolidate the foundation for artificial intelligence development and strengthen the core drivers of FDI,providing a favorable technological,industrial,and policy environment to expand the volume,stabilize the stock,and improve the quality of foreign investment.Second,local governments need to leverage the development advantages and characteristics of their regional Al industry chains to make precise efforts in key areas to enhance FDI attraction outcomes.Furthermore,given the uneven regional effects of attracting FDI in the domestic AI industry,local governments should implement relevant policies in a tailored and orderly manner,exploring strategic plans suitable for the development of the AI industry in their regions.Finally,efforts should be made to improve the quality of FDI utilization,promoting technology spillover and industrial upgrading.Currently,attracting foreign investment to""stabilize,enhance,and improve quality",enhancing FDI utilization efficiency,and precisely guiding the direction of FDI utilization remain central tasks for local governments.Together,these measures constitute a comprehensive strategic framework for artificial intelligence development.
作者
刘娟
杨淑珺
LIU Juan;YANG Shu-jun(School of Economics,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin,300222,China)
出处
《经济管理》
北大核心
2025年第10期26-44,共19页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘双循环’下开放式创新对中国跨国企业创新质量提升的作用机制与路径研究”(22BGL020)。
关键词
人工智能
外商直接投资
消费升级
技术红利
artificial intelligence
FDI
consumption upgrading
technological dividend
