摘要
氢能作为一种丰富、清洁、高效的能源载体,对构建新型能源体系、实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。储氢技术的开发是推动氢能产业化发展的关键,碳材料因其优异的物理化学特性成为最具潜力的固体储氢载体之一。碳材料储氢机制主要分为物理吸附、化学吸附、溢出机制和Kubas相互作用,这4种储氢机制在储氢过程中存在交互作用。根据碳材料比表面积、孔结构及官能团等物理化学特性的不同,储氢特性呈现较大差异。通过对碳材料进行物理化学活化、金属及非金属掺杂以及多元素共掺杂等调控,可大幅提升碳材料的储氢性能。其中金属掺杂因其特有的溢出机制和Kubas相互作用,提升更为显著。常温常压下经金属掺杂后其储氢量可提高6倍左右。从储氢机理、不同种类碳材料储氢特性以及碳材料改性的方面系统探讨了碳材料在储氢领域应用的研究进展,并进行了总结与展望,旨在为构建高效、低成本、安全可靠的碳材料储氢体系提供理论基础和工程指导。
hydrogen energy,as a rich,clean and efficient energy carrier,is of great significance for building a new energy system and achieving the goal of“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”.The development of hydrogen storage technology is the key to promote the development of hydrogen energy industrialization.Carbon materials have become one of the most potential solid hydrogen storage carriers because of their excellent physical and chemical properties.The hydrogen storage mechanisms of carbon materials are mainly divided into physical adsorption,chemical adsorption,spillover mechanism and Kubas interaction.These four hydrogen storage mechanisms interact in the process of hydrogen storage.According to the physical and chemical properties of carbon materials such as specific surface area,pore structure and functional groups,the hydrogen storage characteristics show great differences.The hydrogen storage performance of carbon materials can be greatly improved by controlling the physical and chemical activation of carbon materials,metal and non-metal doping and multi-element co doping.Among them,the enhancement of metal doping is more significant due to its unique spillover mechanism and Kubas interaction.The hydrogen storage capacity can be increased about 6 times after metal doping at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.This paper systematically discussed the research progress of carbon materials in the field of hydrogen storage from the aspects of hydrogen storage mechanism,hydrogen storage characteristics of different types of carbon materials and modification of carbon materials,and summarized and prospected,aiming to provide theoretical basis and engineering guidance for the construction of efficient,low-cost,safe and reliable hydrogen storage system of carbon materials.
作者
马腾博
士子云
肖皓宇
胡强
杨扬
杨海平
陈汉平
MA Tengbo;SHI Ziyun;XIAO Haoyu;HU Qiang;YANG Yang;YANG Haiping;CHEN Hanping(State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《洁净煤技术》
北大核心
2025年第9期87-108,共22页
Clean Coal Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(52306246)。
关键词
碳材料
氢能储存
储氢机理
活化
掺杂
吸附
carbon materials
hydrogen energy storage
hydrogen storage mechanism
activation
doping
adsorption
