摘要
[目的]本试验旨在探究新型水溶性硅肥不同施肥浓度对蒜苗生长发育及土壤肥力的影响,以期为蒜苗优质高产提供理论支持。[方法]以‘四川大蒜’为试验材料,设置3个不同浓度的叶面喷施硅肥处理,即常规施肥+叶面喷施30 L/hm^(2)(T1)、常规施肥+叶面喷施60 L/hm^(2)(T2)、常规施肥+叶面喷施120 L/hm^(2)(T3),以常规施肥+等量清水为对照(CK),先后于大蒜播种出苗后第8、16、24 d进行喷施。定植65 d后采收时,分析不同处理对蒜苗株高、假茎粗、SPAD值、产量、品质、pH、电导率和土壤养分与酶活性的影响。[结果]叶面喷施硅肥蒜苗株高增加4.08~11.58 cm,假茎粗增粗0.90~2.03 mm,SPAD值较CK提高了8.5%~12.5%;显著提高蒜苗产量,且较CK提高2.5%~15.3%,其中以T2处理产量最优;在品质方面,T2、T3处理显著提高蒜苗可溶性糖和维生素C含量,可溶性糖含量增加33.4%~62.2%,维生素C含量增加17.1%~50.1%。喷施硅肥也改善了土壤养分,土壤pH显著提高;仅T2处理的土壤速效钾、碱解氮、有效磷和有机质含量显著高于CK;各处理土壤酶活性亦增加,且T2处理的过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性显著高于其它处理,较CK分别提高了11.8%、23.3%、25.5%。[结论]叶面喷施硅肥能促进蒜苗生长,提高蒜苗品质,改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤酶活性,以常规施肥+叶面喷施60 L/hm^(2)(T2)效果最好。
[Objective]Garlic is an important economic crop with a long cultivation history in China.However,with the continuous expansion of planting scale,traditional garlic cultivation heavily reliant on macronutrient fertilizers often leads to chlorosis and stunting of seedlings,thereby limiting yield.Water-soluble silicon fertilizer has demonstrated yield-increasing and qualityimproving effects in cereal crops such as wheat,but its application in vegetable crops like garlic seedlings remains less studied.This experiment aimed to explore the effects of different application rates of a new water-soluble silicon fertilizer on the growth and development of garlic seedlings and soil fertility,to provide the theoretical support for high-quality and high-yield garlic seedling production.[Methods]Using'Sichuan garlic'as the experimental material,three foliar spray treatments with different silicon fertilizer concentrations were set up(concentrations were expressed in L/hm^(2),consistent with reporting conventions for liquid fertilizers in the literatures):conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of 30 L/hm^(2)silicon fertilizer(T1),conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of 60 L/hm^(2)silicon fertilizer(T2),and conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of 120 L/hm^(2)silicon fertilizer(T3).A control(CK)received conventional fertilization plus an equal volume of water.Foliar sprays were applied on the 8 th,16 th,and 24 th days after sowing and seedling emergence.At harvest,65 days after transplanting,the effects of the different treatments were analyzed for plant height,pseudostem diameter,SPAD value,yield,quality,soil pH,electrical conductivity,soil nutrient content,and soil enzyme activities.[Results]Compared to CK,foliar spray of silicon fertilizer increased plant height by 4.08~11.58 cm,pseudostem diameter by 0.90~2.03 mm,and SPAD value by 8.5%~12.5%.It significantly increased garlic seedling yield by 2.5%~15.3%,with the T2 treatment yielding the highest.In terms of quality,T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the soluble sugar and vitamin C contents of seedlings:soluble sugar content rose by 33.4%~62.2%,and vitamin C content by 17.1%~50.1%.Silicon fertilizer spray also improved soil nutrients and significant increased soil pH.Only the T2 treatment resulted in significantly higher soil available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and organic matter content compared to CK.Soil enzyme activities increased across all treatments,with catalase,urease,and sucrase activities in the T2 treatment being significantly higher than in other treatments,showing increases by 11.8%,23.3%,and 25.5%,respectively,compared to CK.[Conclusion]In summary,foliar application of water-soluble silicon fertilizer promoted garlic seedling growth,improved seedling quality,enhanced soil physical and chemical properties,and increased soil enzyme activities.The most effective treatment was conventional fertilization combined with foliar spraying of silicon fertilizer at 60 L/hm^(2)(T2).
作者
董高艺
彭寄民
李洁
黄燕
闵祖璇
于镇瑞
聂文敏
郑井元
Dong Gaoyi;Peng Jimin;Li Jie;Huang Yan;Min Zuxuan;Yu Zhenrui;Nie Wenmin;Zheng Jingyuan(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Vegetable Research Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Longping Branch,School of Biology,Hunan University,Changsha 410125,China;Fanmei(Guangzhou)Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 511400,China)
出处
《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第5期78-86,共9页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23-B14)。
关键词
水溶性硅肥
蒜苗
产量
品质
土壤养分
土壤酶活性
Water soluble silicon fertilizer
Garlic
Output
Quality
Soil nutrients
Soil enzyme
