摘要
以研究生教育推动经济发展已成为社会共识,但长期存在研究生教育偏向理科还是文科的争议。基于文理学科结构的新视角,使用2003一2023年中国省际面板数据评估研究生教育对区域经济增长的非线性影响及其作用机制,研究发现,研究生教育对经济增长有正向影响,但理科研究生规模比重与经济增长呈U形关系,拐点出现在理工农医学科占比64.06%~66.15%和理工学科占比39.71%~46.02%,经济管理学科占比不存在非线性关系,文科研究生比重则呈现倒U形关系。此外,理科研究生教育在技术创新方面具有显著优势,但文科研究生教育在提升人口素养和促进城市化方面则更具成本效益。研究还发现,研究生教育在高校和城市的集中布局抑制区域经济增长,表明过度集中于中心城市和优势高校不利于区域科创生态系统构建和多层次人力资本供给。基于此,未来我国研究生教育应坚持规模扩大与结构优化并举,充分发挥其对经济增长引擎作用;推动文理学科协同发展、交叉融合,提升研究生教育学科布局的前瞻性与战略性;突出空间均衡布局,以高等教育布局优化促进区域协调发展。
Promoting economic growth through graduate education has become a social consensus,but there is a longstanding debate over whether graduate education should prioritize sciences or liberal arts.From a new perspective of the disciplinary structure of liberal arts and sciences,this study uses China's provincial panel data from 2003 to 2023 to assess the nonlinear effect of graduate education on regional economic growth and its underlying mechanisms.The study reveals the following findings:Graduate education exerts a positive effect on economic growth;however,the proportion of graduate enrollment in sciences exhibits a U-shaped relationship with economic growth,with inflection points occurring when the share of science,engineering,agriculture,and medicine reaches 64.06%-66.15%,and when science and engineering account for 39.71%-46.02%;the proportion of economics and management shows no nonlinear relationship,while the share of liberal arts demonstrates an inverted U-shaped curve;graduate education in sciences demonstrates significant advantages in technological innovation,whereas graduate education in liberal arts offers greater cost-effectiveness in enhancing population competency and facilitating urbanization;the concentrated distribution of graduate education in higher education institutions and major cities inhibits regional economic growth,indicating that excessive concentration in central cities and elite higher education institutions does not help to build regional sci-tech innovation ecosystems and supply multi-level human capital.Based on these findings,China's future graduate education should pursue both scale expansion and structural optimization to fully leverage its role as an engine for economic growth;promote synergic development and integration between liberal arts and sciences to enhance the forward-looking and strategic alignment of disciplinary planning;and emphasize spatially balanced distribution to promote coordinated regional development based on the optimization of higher education layout.
作者
孙泽生
李杨婧
杨成宁
Sun Zesheng;Li Yangjing;Yang Chengning
出处
《教育研究》
北大核心
2025年第10期94-110,共17页
Educational Research
基金
国家社会科学基金2024年度教育学重大项目“高等教育人才供需适配机制研究”(编号:VIA240008)的研究成果。
关键词
研究生教育
经济增长
文理学科结构
空间布局
graduate education
economic growth
the disciplinary structure of liberal arts and sciences
spatial distribution
