摘要
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的核心异常行为主要体现在注意力不集中、多动和冲动等,与特定的神经病理特征密切相关。虚拟现实(VR)技术凭借其沉浸性、交互性和可定制性,在改善ADHD患者异常行为表现方面展现出潜力。本文梳理了现有的神经机制研究证据,探讨VR干预改善ADHD患者异常行为表现的疗效。基于证据的整合框架认为:(1)VR通过高情境模拟任务促进前额叶等关键脑区的神经可塑性重塑,优化功能连接,从而改善抑制控制和工作记忆。(2)VR通过调控默认网络、执行控制网络与显著性网络的动态交互效率,减少注意力分散和冲动行为。(3)VR通过动态调节多巴胺-去甲肾上腺素系统稳态,协同脑源性神经营养因子介导的突触可塑性,提升动机水平和认知灵活性。深入探讨这些潜在机制,将有助于优化VR干预的多靶点设计,为ADHD的个性化行为治疗提供新思路。
The core aberrant behaviors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)are primarily manifested as inattention,hyperactivity,and impulsivity,which are closely associated with specific neuropathological features.Virtual reality(VR)technology,leveraging its immersive,interactive,and customizable properties,demonstrates potential in ameliorating the abnormal behavioral manifestations of individuals with ADHD.This article aims to synthesize existing evidence from neurobiological mechanism research and explore the therapeutic efficacy of VR interventions in improving abnormal behavioral presentations in ADHD patients.An evidence-integrated framework posits that:(1)VR enhances inhibitory control and working memory by promoting neural plasticity remodeling within key brain regions through highly contextualized simulation tasks,thereby optimizing functional connectivity.(2)VR reduces attentional lapses and impulsive behaviors by regulating the dynamic interplay efficiency among the default mode network,executive control network,and salience network.(3)VR elevates motivational levels and cognitive flexibility by dynamically modulating dopaminergic-noradrenergic system homeostasis,synergizing with brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediated synaptic plasticity.Delving deeper into these underlying mechanisms will facilitate the optimization of multi-target VR intervention design and provide novel insights for personalized behavioral therapy in ADHD.
作者
李玮莹
刘燕
吴绪波
Li Weiying;Liu Yan;Wu Xubo(School of Rehabilitation Medicine,Jiamusi University,Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation of Heilongjiang Province,Jiamusi 154002,China;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Pudong New District People's Hospital,Shanghai 201200,China)
出处
《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》
北大核心
2025年第10期955-960,共6页
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science
基金
浦东新区卫生健康委员会研究者发起的临床研究项目(2025-PWYC-11)。
关键词
注意缺陷多动障碍
虚拟现实
神经机制
可塑性
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Virtual reality
Neuromechanism
Plasticity
