摘要
2023年7月29日至8月1日,台风“杜苏芮”引发的极端暴雨导致京津冀地区洪水肆虐,河岸护堤等水土保持设施遭受大面积损毁。护堤是保护河岸的关键工程措施。在此次极端暴雨中部分护堤工程因建设标准不足导致防护效果不佳,其实际效能缺乏定量评估,制约了河岸防灾减灾功能的有效发挥。本文以本次暴雨核心区河北临城县北泜河流域中上游为研究区,综合运用现场调查、无人机航摄、高分辨率遥感影像解译、GIS水文分析等方法,比较不同建设标准河道护堤损毁状态,识别其发生的地形临界条件,评估护堤对河岸两侧土地的保护能力。考察发现,(1)京津冀“7·29”特大暴雨冲毁堤坝占河道护堤总长18.43%,各段损毁程度存在显著差异。高建设标准护堤段损毁比例远低于低标准护堤,前者为8.13%,后者高达37.17%。(2)护堤的损毁位置主要受河道比降(S)和汇水面积(A)影响。超过地形临界阈值时护堤易发生损毁,高标准护堤发生损毁的地形临界条件高于低标准护堤,高标准护堤损毁的地形临界阈值为S≥4.7792A^(-0.682),低标准护堤损毁的地形临界阈值为S≥2.7589A^(-0.682)。(3)相比低标准护堤,高标准护堤对两岸土地的保护作用更加明显。单位河岸长度土地破坏面积减少了64.09%。研究表明河道护堤在特大暴雨中起到了重要的防灾减灾作用,但超过地形临界阈值时易发生损毁,亟需针对性地提升其建设标准。本研究有助于优化提升气候变化背景下河道水土保持措施。
From 29 July to 1 August 2023,Typhoon Doksuri produced an extreme rainstorm that triggered record-breaking floods across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China,causing widespread failure of riverbank revetment and other soil-and-water conservation structures.Revetments serve as crucial engineering measures for protecting riverbanks;however,under extreme-rainstorm conditions,some revetments exhibited insufficient construction standards,and their protective effectiveness lacked quantitative assessment,thereby impacting their disaster prevention and mitigation functions.In this study,it took the middle and upper reaches of the Beichi River in Lincheng County,Hebei Province,China—a core area severely affected by the storm,as the research area.By integrating field surveys,UAV photogrammetry,high-resolution remote sensing image interpretation,and GIS hydrological analysis,it compared damage patterns of revetments with different construction standards,identified topographical critical conditions for damage occurrence,and evaluated the protective capacity of revetments for lands on both riverbanks.The findings include that(1)during the“7·29”extreme rainfall event,18.43%of the total riverbank revetment length along the river was damaged,with significant disparities in damage severity across sections:High-standard sections suffered 8.13%damage,whereas low-standard sections lost 37.17%.(2)Revetment damage locations were primarily influenced by channel slope(S)and catchment area(A).Damage occurred more frequently when topographical parameters exceeded critical thresholds.High-standard revetments demonstrated higher critical thresholds than low-standard ones,with the former at S≥4.7792A^(-0.682)and the latter at S≥2.7589A^(-0.682).(3)High-standard revetments provided significantly better protection for adjacent lands,reducing the damaged land area per unit riverbank length by 64.09%compared to low-standard revetments.These results confirm that riverbank revetments played a vital role in flooding prevention and mitigation during extreme rainfall events but were vulnerable to damages in case topographical thresholds were exceeded.This highlights the urgent need to enhance construction standards.This study provides scientific support for optimizing riverbank soil and water conservation measures under climate change scenarios.
作者
孙智博
王春梅
刘宝元
马志立
崔力斌
SUN Zhibo;WANG Chunmei;LIU Baoyuan;MA Zhili;CUI Libin(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Faculty of Arts and Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai 519087,Guangdong,China;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology(Beijing Normal University),Beijing 100875,China;Water Affairs Bureau of Lincheng County,Lincheng 054399,Hebei,China)
出处
《山地学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期598-609,共12页
Mountain Research
基金
国家自然科学基金(42477349)。
关键词
台风“杜苏芮”
特大暴雨
河道护堤
地形临界条件
Typhoon Doksuri
extreme rainstorm
riverbank revetment
topographic critical conditions
