摘要
比较10份杨梅雄株花序的形态及花粉活力,为杨梅配置授粉树、优良雄株选育及杨梅性状的多样性研究提供理论依据。观察杨梅雄株花序、花粉形态,并对花粉量和花粉活力进行检测。结果表明:杨梅雄株花序有红色、玫红色、浅粉色、暗粉色、红黄色、黄绿色、淡黄色;花序平均长度0.80~3.13 cm,平均粗度0.40~0.86 cm;花序含有小花数为20.2~30.9朵,单个小花的花药数为4.5~9.3枚,雄1的单个花药花粉量最多,达32 400粒;杨梅花粉形态主要为长球形,极面观主要为三角形和近圆形,赤道面观为椭圆形,花粉萌发孔为三孔圆形,花粉大小为(20.11×16.37)~(23.18×18.57)μm;雄10的花粉萌发率最高,达82.00%。杨梅雄株花序在形态、颜色上具有多样性,雄1和雄10可作为优良雄株对雌株进行授粉。
This study aims to compare the diversity of inflorescence morphology and pollen viability among ten species of male Chinese bayberry,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for research on pollination tree allocation,breeding superior male strains,and the characterization of diversity in Chinese bayberry.The inflorescence and pollen morphology of male Chinese bayberry were observed,and the pollen quantity and pollen viability were measured.The results indicated that the color of male Chinese bayberry inflorescences includes red,rose red,light pink,dusky pink,reddish yellow,yellow-green and light yellow.The average length of the inflorescence ranged from 0.80 cm to 3.13 cm,while the average thickness varied between 0.40 cm and 0.86 cm.The mean number of small flowers per inflorescence was found to be between 20.2 and 30.9.The number of anthers of a single male flower was 4.5 to 9.3,and the maximum amount of pollen grains in a single anther of male 1 was 32,400.Pollen morphology of Chinese bayberry predominantly displayed a prolate sphere;it appeared triangular and nearly circular in polar view and elliptical in equatorial view with round germination pores numbering three per grain;the size range was measured at(20.11×16.37)μm to(23.18×18.57)μm.The highest pollen germination rate of male 10 was 82.00%.Male Chinese bayberry inflorescences display significant morphological and color diversity.Male 1 and male 10 can be used as superior males to pollinate female plants.
作者
张天娇
王鹏凯
周鹏羽
黄颖宏
高志红
Zhang Tianjiao;Wang Pengkai;Zhou Pengyu;Huang Yinghong;Gao Zhihong(College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Jiangsu 210095;Jiangsu Taihu Evergreen Fruit Tree Technology Promotion Center;Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture)
出处
《中国果树》
2025年第10期82-89,101,共9页
China Fruits
基金
南京农业大学高校业务费(2025006)
江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS[2021]019)
苏州市农业科技创新重点项目(SNG2022008)。
关键词
杨梅
雄株
花序形态
花粉形态
花粉活力
Chinese bayberry
male
inflorescence morphology
pollen morphology
pollen viability
