摘要
【目的】旨在探讨不同水平淀粉和纤维素比饲粮对鲤生长及生理生化指标的影响,为科学合理配伍鲤配合饲粮中淀粉和纤维素占比提供理论依据。【方法】设饲粮中淀粉含量∶纤维素含量分别为0.36(A组)、0.65(B组)、1.11(C组)、1.92(D组)、2.80(E组)、11.67(F组),饲养鲤80 d后采样并开展生理和生化指标分析。【结果】饲养80 d后,E组增重率最高、达1146(±349)%,且饵料系数最高、为77.30(±0.81),F组特定生长率和肝体比最高,分别为3.09(±0.32)%和1.84(±0.03)%。低淀粉含量饲粮试验组(A~C组)生长速度普遍低于高淀粉含量试验组(D~F组);C、D组终末肥满度保持在2.51~2.68,均在合理水平范围内,其中C组体型最稳定,肥满度变幅为11.80(±6.61)%。不同组饲粮对鲤肝脏功能和代谢有显著影响,其中C组和D组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力(48.88~53.00 U/L)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活力(453.67~500.33 U/L)相比其他试验组较低,其他肝功能相关指标维持在正常水平,肝脏损伤较小;而淀粉/纤维素含量比低于1或高于2的饲料(A、B、E、F组)则导致鲤肝脏实质性损伤,相关指标明显异常。检测极端高纤维素(A组)和极端高淀粉(F组)饲粮对鲤肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响,结果发现A组的必需脂肪酸亚油酸(C18:2n6c)含量显著高于于F组(P<0.01),显示F组饲粮导致鲤体脂代谢受到显著影响。【结论】饲料配比使用过高含量的淀粉和纤维素影响鲤生长发育,鲤饲粮中淀粉与纤维素的配比最宜控制在1∶1~2∶1,淀粉含量最宜在20%~25%,纤维素含量在10%~13%最为适宜。
【Objective】This research aimed to investigate the impacts of diets with different ratios of starch to cellulose on the growth,and physiological and biochemical indices of common carp(Cyprinus carpio).The findings were intended to provide a theoretical foundation for the scientific and rational formulation of the proportion of starch and cellulose in common carp compound diets.【Method】In this experiment,the ratios of starch to cellulose in the diets were set as follows:0.36(group A),0.65(group B),1.11(group C),1.92(group D),2.80(group E),and 11.67(group F).After 80 days of feeding the common carp,samples were collected for the analysis of physiological and biochemical indices.【Result】After 80 d,the weight gain rate of group E was the highest,reaching 1146±349%,and the feed conversion ratio was the highest at 77.30±0.81.Group F exhibited the highest specific growth rate and hepatosomatic index,which were 3.09±0.32% and 1.84±0.03%,respectively.The growth rate of the low-starch content diet groups(groups A-C)was generally lower than that of the high-starch content diet groups(groups D-F).The final condition factor of groups C and D remained between 2.51 and 2.68,within a reasonable range.Among them,group C had the most stable body shape,with a condition factor variation of 11.80±6.61%.Diets from different groups had significant effects on the liver function and metabolism of common carp.The activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(48.88-53.00 U/L)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(453.67-500.33 U/L)in groups C and D were relatively lower compared to those in other experimental groups.Other liver function-related indicators were maintained at normal levels,indicating minimal liver damage.Conversely,diets with starch/cellulose ratios lower than 1 or higher than 2(groups A,B,E,and F)led to substantial liver damage in common carp,with significantly abnormal related indicators.When examining the effects of extremely high cellulose(group A)and extremely high starch(group F)diets on the muscle fatty acid composition of common carp,it was found that the essential fatty acid linoleic acid(C18:2n6c)content in group A was significantly higher than that in group F(P<0.01),indicating that the diet in group F significantly influenced the lipid metabolism of common carp.【Conclusion】The use of diets with excessive starch and cellulose content affects the growth and development of common carp.For common carp diets,the optimal ratio of starch to cellulose should be controlled within the range of 1∶1 to 2∶1.The most suitable starch content is 20%-25%,and the cellulose content is 10%-13%.
作者
张志新
廖愚
王培培
肖珊
黄彩林
王元浩
曹寿雄
郑海涛
卢维英
ZHANG Zhixin;LIAO Yu;WANG Peipei;XIAO Shan;HUANG Cailin;WANG Yuanhao;CAO Shouxiong;ZHENG Haitao;LU Weiying(Aquatic Species Introduction and Breeding Center of Guangxi,Nanning 530031,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
2025年第7期93-103,共11页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
广西农业农村厅科技自筹经费项目(Z2024056)。
关键词
淀粉
纤维
鲤
饲粮
生长
生理生化
starch
cellulose
Cyprinus carpio
diet
growth performance
physiology and biochemistry
