摘要
1 Introduction Biometric authentication methods have become widespread on mobile devices.However,the two widely deployed schemes,i.e.,face and fingerprint authentication,rely on users'sensitive physiological traits,raising serious privacy concerns[1].
基金
supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2700200)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62172303)
the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(No.2024BAB018)
the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2022CXPT055).
