摘要
成书于1742年的《医宗金鉴》被誉为第一部官修医学教科书。其包括两类大相径庭的医学知识,一类是学术性较强的《订正仲景全书》,另一类是较为通俗的临证各科要诀要旨。这种独特知识结构的形成既与《伤寒论》在清明时期被提升到“经”的高度,被重新注解有关,又与当时编写通俗性入门医籍的风气兴盛有关。加上修书中发生的波折,《医宗金鉴》遂将学术传统和通俗传统合而为一。修成后《医宗金鉴》不仅发挥了作为医学教科书的作用,在医家的使用与阅读过程中,《医宗金鉴》两类知识各自发挥了不同的效用。《订正仲景全书》对各家注解的梳理、折衷和规范,使得仲景学说的传承脉络清晰,又使后世医家可以突破门户之见,从知识本身出发摘取各家观点。医家对于临证各科要诀要旨的使用灵活度更高,并随着使用对文本进行概括引述、节录出版、注释阐发和改写补充等形式的改造,完成知识再生产。
Published in 1742,The Golden Mirror of Medicine is acclaimed as the first imperially commissioned medical textbook.It encompasses two distinct categories of medical knowledge:the highly academic Revised Zhongjing's Complete Works and the more accessible practical essentials and principles of clinical disciplines.This unique knowledge framework emerged from two historical factors:the elevation of Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders to canonical status during the Ming and Qing dynasties,which prompted extensive reinterpretations,and the flourishing trend of compiling accessible medical primers at the time.Coupled with challenges encountered during its compilation,The Golden Mirror ultimately merged scholarly traditions with popular medical practices into a unified work.After its completion,the text not only fulfilled its role as a medical textbook but also demonstrated divergent applications of its dual knowledge systems in clinical practice.The Revised Zhongjing's Complete Works systematized,synthesized,and standardized various commentaries,clarifying the intellectual lineage of Zhongjing's doctrines while enabling later physicians to transcend sectarian biases and selectively integrate perspectives based on scholarly merit.In contrast,practitioners employed greater flexibility when utilizing the practical essentials,dynamically reshaping its content through summarization,excerpted publications,annotated expansions,and revised supplements-effectively driving knowledge reproduction through clinical engagement.
出处
《中国社会历史评论》
2025年第1期35-52,335-336,共20页
Chinese Social History Review
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“民国时期针灸的知识转型与传播研究”(项目号:22CZS062)的阶段性成果
关键词
《医宗金鉴》
清代
知识史
医史
The Golden Mirror of Medicine
Qing Dynasty
History of Knowledge
History of Medicine
