摘要
海雾是威胁北极海域航行安全的危险性天气,也是北极冰-海-气相互作用的重要影响因素。本文利用2000—2019年间的ICOADS(International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set)数据集、ERA5再分析资料(ECMWF Reanalysis v5)及气象站观测记录,分析了北极暖季(4—10月)期间海雾、层云、层云降水和其他云类型发生时的近地面气象特征差异,并利用4个典型持续海雾案例进行了验证。结果表明:1000 hPa处相对湿度最大且均值为93.43%,2 m温度露点差在0~1°C,900 hPa以下存在逆温,10 m/s以内的南风、西南风和东北风是北极暖季海雾发生时的普遍特征。相比较而言,层云、层云降水及其他云类型发生时近地面气象特征与海雾存在显著差异,1000 hPa处的相对湿度均值比海雾低10%左右,极少出现高于95%的情况;2 m温度露点差普遍高于1°C;900 hPa以下通常不会出现逆温;风速集中在0~20 m/s,无主导风向。
Sea fog is a hazardous weather condition that poses a threat to navigation safety and plays a significant role in the iceocean-atmosphere interaction in the Arctic.In this study,we analyzed the differences in near-surface meteorological characteristics during sea fog,stratus,stratocumulus precipitation,and other cloud types in the Arctic warm season(April to October)using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS),ECMWF Reanalysis v5(ERA5),and meteorological station observation records from 2000 to 2019,and four typical prolonged sea fog cases were used for validation.The results indicate that the maximum relative humidity usually occurs at 1000 hPa with an average of 93.43%and the 2 m dew point depression is within 0-1°C during sea fog events.Inversions below 900 hPa are often observed,and wind speeds below 10 m/s from the south,southwest,and northeast are common during the Arctic warm season sea fog.In comparison,there are significant differences in near-surface meteorological characteristics between sea fog and stratocumulus,stratocumulus precipitation,and other cloud types.The mean relative humidity at 1000 hPa during these cloud types is about 10%lower than that during sea fog,with rare occurrences exceeding 95%.The 2 m temperature-dew point depression difference is generally higher than 1°C,inversions below 900 hPa are less likely to occur,and wind speeds ranging from 0 to 20 m/s and various wind directions are reported.
作者
武鑫源
纪永刚
肖艳芳
WU Xinyuan;JI Yonggang;XIAO Yanfang(College of Oceanography and Space Informatics,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;First Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China)
出处
《海洋科学进展》
北大核心
2025年第4期787-797,共11页
Advances in Marine Science
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(4227060978)。
关键词
海雾
北极
逆温
2m温度露点差
sea fog
Arctic
temperature inversion
2 m temperature-dew point depression difference
