摘要
为了解西洞庭湖区域各类水体氮磷浓度与藻类水华动态,利用卫星遥感反演技术和现场取样检测相结合方法,对2015-2024年西洞庭湖区域262个池塘、76个水库和42个湖泊的氮磷浓度、水华频次、藻类种群结构及相关性等进行了调查研究.实验结果表明,池塘水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解性无机氮(DIN)和可溶性活性磷(SRP)年均浓度均显著高于水库和湖泊,湖泊水体TN、TP浓度显著高于水库(p<0.05),湖泊TN年均浓度区间为1.285~1.519 mg·L^(-1),TP区间为0.093~0.156 mg·L^(-1).此期间3类水体TN、TP、DIN和SRP年均浓度均呈下降趋势,且水库和湖泊氮磷浓度与池塘氮磷存在显著正相关.2015-2024年3类水体共发生水华1574次,池塘水华占比88.12%,显著高于湖泊(7.18%)和水库(4.70%)(p<0.05).蓝藻、绿藻和裸藻为水华优势藻(门),引发水华占比分别为42.25%、25.60%和20.39%,其中蓝藻水华以微囊藻和鱼腥藻为主,绿藻以小球藻和卵囊藻为主,均主要发生于夏秋季,年均发生频次呈下降趋势;裸藻水华以血红裸藻为优势种,主要发生于春季池塘,频次呈上升趋势.年际间湖泊和水库蓝藻水华发生频次与各自水体TN、TP、DIN和SRP浓度均呈显著正相关,绿藻水华与DIN和SRP呈显著正相关(p<0.05).研究结果表明西洞庭湖水库和湖泊氮磷浓度及蓝绿藻水华频次与池塘水体氮磷浓度显著正相关,池塘水体氮磷浓度对水库和湖泊藻类水华产生重要影响.
Due to the special geographical location of the West Dongting Lake,its water quality and plankton composition have an important impact on the ecology of the South Dongting Lake,the East Dongting Lake and the main waters of Dongting Lake.To investigate the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,as well as the dynamics of algal blooms in the waters of West Dongting Lake,a comprehensive study was conducted from 2015 to 2024,utilizing a combination of satellite remote sensing inversion technology and on-site sampling detection.This study encompassed 262 ponds,76 reservoirs,and 42 lakes within the West Dongting Lake region.The results showed that the average annual concentrations of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP)in pond water were significantly higher than those in reservoirs and lakes,and TN and TP concentrations in lake water were significantly higher than those in reservoirs(p<0.05).The average annual concentrations of TN in lakes ranged from 1.285 mg·L^(-1) to 1.519 mg·L^(-1),and TP ranged from 0.093 mg·L^(-1) to 0.156 mg·L^(-1).During this period,the annual average concentrations of TN,TP,DIN,and SRP in the three types of water bodies all showed a downward trend,and the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in reservoirs and lakes were significantly positively correlated with those in ponds.From 2015 to 2024,a total of 1574 blooms occurred in the three types of water bodies,with pond blooms accounting for 88.12%,significantly higher than those in lakes(7.18%)and reservoirs(4.70%)(p<0.05).Cyanobacteria,Chlorophyta and Euglenophyta were the dominant algae(phylum)that caused blooms,accounting for 42.25%,25.60% and 20.39%respectively.Cyanobacteria blooms were dominated by Microcystis and Anabaena,and Chlorophyta were dominated by Chlorella and Oocysts,which mainly occurred in summer and autumn,and the annual occurrence frequency showed a downward trend;Euglena sanguinea was the dominant species in Euglenophyta bloom,which mainly occurred in ponds in spring,and the frequency showed an upward trend.There was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and reservoirs and the concentrations of TN,TP,DIN and SRP,while there was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of cyanobacterial blooms and din and SRP(p<0.05).The results showed that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus and the frequency of Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta blooms in the West Dongting Lake reservoir and lake were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the pond water.The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in pond water has an important impact on algal bloom in reservoirs and lakes.Scientific control of the pond water was conducive to preventing the aggravation of eutrophication in the West Dongting Lake.
作者
邹万生
莫平
唐慧
王智
林旺
罗玉双
彭保发
ZOU Wansheng;MO Ping;TANG Hui;WANG Zhi;LIN Wang;LUO Yushuang;PENG Baofa(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Hunan University of Arts and Sciences,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Biological Resources and Environmental Ecology,Changde 415000;Changde Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Changde 415000;School of Life Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410000)
出处
《环境科学学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期251-267,共17页
Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2023YFD2401604)
国家自然科学基金项目(No.42207334)
湖南省教育厅重点项目(No.24A0492)。
关键词
西洞庭湖
总氮
总磷
水华
West Dongting Lake
total nitrogen
total phosphorus
algal bloom
