摘要
类胡萝卜素具有优异的自由基捕获能力和较低的生物毒性,为探究其作为推进剂安定剂的应用潜力,采用差热分析法、甲基紫试纸试验、等温热失重法、真空安定性试验和绝热加速量热法等测试方法,研究了番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素和虾青素4种典型类胡萝卜素对硝化棉和吸收药体系的安定作用。结果表明,4种类胡萝卜素均可显著增强硝化棉及吸收药的热稳定性,其安定效果优于传统安定剂。其中,虾青素使硝化棉的甲基紫试纸变色时间延长40 min,热失重率降低17.90%,绝热分解最高温升速率降低0.134℃·min^(-1),单位质量释放的气体压力减少12.0 kPa;使吸收药的甲基紫试纸变色时间延长34 min,热失重率降低14.18%,表现出最优异的性能。结合自由基清除能力测试和中间体结构分析对类胡萝卜素的安定机理进行了探究。结果显示,类胡萝卜素能够高效捕获氮氧自由基,当浓度达到8 mmol·L^(-1)时,其清除率接近90%,有效抑制了硝化棉和吸收药的自催化分解过程;同时,其生成的二次衍生物不含亚硝胺基团,显著降低了毒性风险。
Carotenoids,valued for their exceptional free radical scavenging properties and low biological toxicity,were systematically investigated as potential stabilizers for propellants.A comprehensive evaluation strategy,incorporating differential thermal analysis(DTA),methyl violet test strips,isothermal thermogravimetry,vacuum stability testing,and accelerating rate calorimetry(ARC),was employed to assess their stabilizing effects.Four representative carotenoids‑lycopene,β‑carotene,xanthophyll,and astaxanthin,were examined for their stabilization performance in nitrocellulose(NC)and absorptive composition systems.All tested carotenoids demonstrated superior thermal stability compared to conventional stabilizers.Notably,astaxanthin exhibited the most significant enhancement:it prolonged the methyl violet discoloration time of NC by 40 min,reducing mass loss by 17.90%,decreased the maximum adiabatic decomposition temperature rise rate by 0.134℃·min^(-1),and lowered gas pressure release per unit mass by 12.0 kPa.In absorptive compositions,it extended the methyl violet discoloration time by 34 min while reducing mass loss by 14.18%.Free radical scavenging tests and intermediate structural analyses revealed the underlying stabilization mechanism:carotenoids effectively suppress autocatalytic decomposition via nitrogen‑oxygen free radical capture,achieving nearly 90%scavenging efficiency at 8 mmol·L^(-1).Additionally,secondary derivatives formed during carotenoid degradation were free of nitrosamine groups,significantly reducing toxicological concerns.
作者
李亮
赵杨
金波
LI Liang;ZHAO Yang;JIN Bo(School of materials and chemistry,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)
出处
《含能材料》
北大核心
2025年第10期1210-1217,共8页
Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials
基金
国家自然科学基金(22305196)
四川省自然科学基金(2025ZNSFSC1374)。
关键词
硝化棉
吸收药
安定剂
类胡萝卜素
氮氧自由基
nitrocellulose
NC/NG
stabilizer
carotenoids
nitrogen oxygen free radical
