摘要
作为上古汉语中使用频率最高的语气词,“也”的语法意义是表示确认,主要体现在三个方面:一是位于现实句末尾,表示对所做的判断或客观陈述进行确认,属于行域;二是位于具有示证功能的感知型论断句、推论型论断句末尾,表示对所做的主观认识进行确认,属于知域;三是位于言语行为句末尾,表示对言语行为的确认,属于言域。行域和知域用法是语气词“也”用法的主流,也是其情态功能的重要体现;言域用法在上古汉语中用例不多,但从后世的发展来看,却是语气词“也”在近代汉语蜕变为互动功能类语气词的滥觞之一。
Being the most common sentence-final particle in Archaic Chinese,Ye(也)was used to convey a sense of certainty,and its grammatical function could be observed from three aspects:Firstly,Ye(也)commonly occurred at the final position of a reality sentence which was a factual judgment or statement expressing what the speaker regarded as true,and this use belonged to acting domain;Secondly,Ye(也)commonly occurred at the final position of a perceptual or inferential claimative sentence which was a epistemic modality expressing what the speaker regarded as true,and this use belonged to knowing domain;Thirdly,Ye(也)occasionally occurred at the final position of a speech act sentence which was an illocutionary act expressing what the speaker regarded as true,and this use belonged to uttering domain.
出处
《古汉语研究》
北大核心
2025年第4期17-32,126,共17页
Research in Ancient Chinese Language
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“言语互动视角下古汉语语气词的功能及相关历时演变研究”(23BYY031)
上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“言语互动视角下古汉语语气词的功能、运用及相关演变研究”(2022BYY002)。
关键词
语气词
也
确认
情态功能
互动功能
sentence-final particle
Ye
certainty
modality function
interactional function
