摘要
从迫害者视角切入,勒内·基拉尔认为神话描述了替罪羊机制,该机制掩盖了早期人类社会的残酷真相。基拉尔的神话学承袭了涂尔干的功能主义,由构建文化秩序的替罪羊机制统摄神话、仪式和禁忌,并将对列维斯特劳斯结构主义的批判作为起点,探究神话与仪式的历史内核。基拉尔诉诸历史分析,将迫害文本作为桥梁来破译神话,以迫害范式为神话阐释方法完成了其神话学的建构。基拉尔的神话学虽颇具阐释效力,却割裂了神话与其历史文化语境,人为肢解民族志材料,基于替罪羊机制对神话进行定向操作,其神话学变成了替罪羊机制的索引,忽视了神话的丰富性与复杂性。
Approaching from the persecutor's perspective,RenéGirard argues that myths describe the scapegoat mechanism,which conceals the brutal truth of early human societies.Inheriting Durkheimian functionalism,Girard's mythology uses the scapegoat mechanism of constructing cultural order to unify myths,rituals,and taboos,and takes the critique of Lévi-Strauss's structuralism as the starting point to explore the historical kernel of myths and rituals.Girard resorts to historical analysis,taking the persecution text as a bridge to decipher myths,and completes the construction of his mythology by using the persecution paradigm as the method of interpreting myths.Although Girard's mythology is quite effective in interpretation,it severs myths from their historical and cultural contexts,artificially mutilates ethnographic materials,and directs the operation on myths basing on the scapegoat mechanism which turns his mythology into an index of the scapegoat mechanism,neglecting the richness and complexity inherent in mythological narratives.
出处
《上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第10期134-144,共11页
Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“海外藏中国宝卷整理与研究”(17ZDA266)
内蒙古民族大学博士科研启动基金项目“基拉尔的暴力学说及文学批评实践研究”(SKBS016)。
