摘要
目的:通过对罹患下呼吸道感染性疾病的患者开展痰液标本的细菌分纯培养,深入探究讨论其致病菌株的分布及耐药情况,为临床治疗时对症用药提供依据。方法:收集2022年1月一9月邹城市人民医院394例下呼吸道感染患者的痰液标本进行细菌培养,结果:分离致病菌480株,其中包括革兰阳性菌17株,比例为3.5%,革兰氏阴性菌463株,比例为96.5%。主要的革兰阳性致病菌是金黄色葡萄球菌,占52.9%;肺炎链球菌,占35.3%。前五位的革兰氏阴性致病菌为肺炎克雷伯菌,占34.6%;铜绿假单胞菌,占20.1%;鲍曼不动杆菌,占14.3%;以及变形杆菌,占7.3%和大肠埃希菌,占6.9%。结论:引起下呼吸道感染性疾病的病原菌以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主,革兰阳性菌极少。革兰阴性致病菌中肠杆菌对头孢曲松、氨曲南等传统类抗菌药物耐药率较高,对酶抑制剂类、碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药率较低。铜绿假单胞菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药率较低,鲍曼不动杆菌对各类生素耐药率均较高。革兰氏阳性致病菌对红霉素耐药率极高,对莫西沙星、左旋氧氟沙星耐药率低,对万古霉素和利奈唑胺的耐药率极低。
Objective:This study aimed to investigate the distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogenic strains isolated from sputum specimens of patients with lower respiratory tract infections(LRTIs).By classifying and culturing bacteria from these specimens,we provide a foundation for guiding clinical treatment with targeted therapy.Methods:A total of 394 sputum samples were collected from LRTI patients at Zoucheng People's Hospital between January and September 2022.These samples underwent bacterial culture,isolation,purification,identification,and antibiotic susceptibility testing Results:From the samples,480 pathogenic bacteria were isolated,comprising 17 Gram-positive(3.5%)and 463 Gram-negative bacteria(96.5%):Among the Gram-positive pathogens,Staphylococcus aureus was predominant(52.9%),followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae(35.3%).The most common Gram-negative pathogens included Klebsiella pneumoniae(34.6%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(20.1%),Acinetobacter baumanni(14.3%),Proteus mirabilis(7.3%),and Escherichia coli(6.9%).Conclusion:Our findings indicate that Gram-negative bacilli are the primary causative agents ofLRTIs,while Gram-positive bacteria are significantly less common.Notably,Gram-negative pathogens such as Enterobacteriaceae exhibit high resistance rate to traditional antibiotics like ceftriaxone and ampicillin but show a lower resistance rate to enzyme inhibitors like piperaillin/tazobactam and carbapenem antibiotics such as imipenem.Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows a low resistance rate to aminoglycoside antibiotics,whereas Acinetobacter baumannii shows a high resistance rate to broad-spectrum antibiotic.Regarding Gram-positive pathogens,a high resistance rate is observed to erythromycin,with a lower resistance rate noted for moxifloxacin and levofloxacin.and a very low resistance rate to vancomycin and linezolid.
作者
王荣
李祥保
杭红蕾
关建民
WANG Rong;LI Xiang-bao;HANG Hong-lei(Department of Medical Laboratory,Zoucheng People's Hospital,Shandong Zoucheng 273500)
出处
《医学检验与临床》
2025年第9期37-41,共5页
Medical Laboratory Science and Clinics
关键词
下呼吸道感染
病原菌
临床分布
药物敏感性
Lower respiratory tract infection
Pathogen
Clinical distribution
Drug sensitivity
