摘要
为了明确生物有机肥与贝壳粉土壤改良剂及其配施对设施菜地土壤质量及蔬菜品质的影响,为花椰菜品质提升提供技术支撑。通过3年田间试验,设置常规及双倍施用量生物有机肥、贝壳粉土壤改良剂及两者配施处理,利用随机森林模型探究土壤性质、微生物特性及蔬菜品质对改良剂施用的响应特征。结果表明,与常规施肥处理(CK)相比,施用双倍用量贝壳粉土壤改良剂(SP2)以及生物有机肥和贝壳粉土壤改良剂配施(OF+SP)处理土壤容重降低显著(P<0.05),双倍用量生物有机肥(OF2)显著提高了土壤碱解氮含量(P<0.05),除常规用量生物有机肥(OF)外,其他各处理均显著提升了土壤pH(P<0.05)。生物有机肥和贝壳粉土壤改良剂对土壤胞外酶活性则表现出一定程度的剂量效应。随着施用量增加,生物有机肥提升了土壤胞外酶活性,贝壳粉土壤改良剂则抑制了土壤胞外酶活性。与CK相比,OF+SP处理显著提高了土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,显著降低了土壤酸性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。与CK相比,除SP2处理外,其他处理均显著提高土壤微生物量碳(MBC)(P<0.05)。OF2处理对提升花椰菜维生素C、可溶性糖的效果最好,较CK相比增幅分别为261.50%、70.62%;常规用量贝壳粉土壤改良剂(SP)对提高花椰菜可溶性蛋白含量效果最好,较CK增幅为134.53%。随机森林模型表明,β-葡萄糖苷酶活性、MBC、pH、土壤速效钾(AK)是影响花椰菜维生素C含量的关键因子(P<0.05);阳离子交换量、AK、土壤容重(BD)是影响花椰菜可溶性蛋白的关键因子(P<0.05);β-葡萄糖苷酶活性、pH、MBC、AK则是影响花椰菜可溶性糖的关键因子(P<0.05)。在这些参数中,β-葡萄糖苷酶活性、MBC、pH、AK的因子负荷较高,对花椰菜品质提升的贡献较大。因此,推荐施用常规用量的双倍生物有机肥并减量配施贝壳粉土壤改良剂来改善设施菜地土壤性质,提高土壤微生物生物量与土壤胞外酶活性,进而提高设施花椰菜品质。
In order to clarify the effects of bio-organic fertilizer and shell powder soil amendments and their combined application on soil quality and vegetable quality of vegetable plots in facilities,and to provide technical support for the improvement of cauliflower quality,a three-year field experiment was conducted to set up different application amounts of bio-organic fertilizer,shell powder soil amendments and their combined application treatments.Random forest model was used to investigate the response characteristics of soil properties,microbial characteristics and vegetable quality to amendment application.The results showed that compared with CK,the bulk density of soil treated with double dosage of shell powder soil conditioner(SP2)and combined application of bio-organic fertilizer and shell powder soil conditioner(OF+SP)was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and double dosage of bio-organic fertilizer(OF2)significantly increased soil alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen content(P<0.05).All other treatments significantly increased soil pH value(P<0.05).Bioorganic fertilizer and shell powder soil amendments showed a dose effect on soil extracellular enzyme activity to a certain extent.With the increase of application amount of bio-organic fertilizer,soil extracellular enzyme activity showed an increasing trend.However,double dosage of shell powder soil amendment inhibited the activity of soil extracellular enzyme to some extent.Compared with CK,OF+SP treatment significantly increased soilβ-glucosidase activity,but significantly decreased soil acid phosphatase activity(P<0.05).Compared with CK,all treatments except SP2 significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)(P<0.05).Double dosage of bio-organic fertilizer(OF2)had the best effect on increasing vitamin C and soluble sugar in cauliflower,which increased by 261.50%and 70.62%compared with CK,respectively.Soil amendment(SP)with conventional dosage of shell powder had the best effect on increasing soluble protein content of cauliflower,which increased by 134.53%,compared with CK.The random forest model showed thatβ-glucosidase activity,MBC,pH and available potassium(AK)were the key factors affecting vitamin C content in cauliflower(P<0.05).Cation exchange canacity,AK and bulk density were the key factors affecting soluble protein of cauliflower(P<0.05).β-glucosidase activity,pH,MBC,AK were the key factors affecting soluble sugar in cauliflower(P<0.05).Among these parameters,β-glucosidase activity,MBC,pH,AK factor load was higher,which contributed to the improvement of cauliflower quality.Therefore,it was recommended to apply 15000 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer and reduce the amount of shell powder soil amendment to improve the soil properties of vegetable plots in facilities,improve the soil microbial biomass and soil extracellular enzyme activity,and then improve the quality of broccoli in facilities.
作者
王为轩
张艳梅
马行聪
邬奇峰
童晓东
章林玲
秦华
WANG Wei-xuan;ZHANG Yan-mei;MA Xing-cong;WU Qi-feng;TONG Xiao-dong;ZHANG Lin-ling;QIN Hua(College of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300;Agroforestry Technology Extension Centre of Lin’an District,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第9期150-159,共10页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(No.2023C02015)。
关键词
生物有机肥
贝壳粉土壤改良剂
土壤微生物量
土壤胞外酶活性
蔬菜品质
随机森林模型
bio-organic fertilizer
shell powder soil conditioner
soil microbial biomass
soil extracellular enzyme activity
vegetable quality
random forest model
