摘要
研究不同氮源及其配施对小麦秸秆腐解和养分释放的影响,为提高小麦秸秆养分利用提供理论依据。采用尼龙网袋法进行室内堆腐试验,以小麦秸秆为研究对象,设置12个处理:不施氮肥、单施尿素、单施硝酸钾、单施氯化铵、单施牛粪、单施羊粪、尿素配施牛粪、尿素配施羊粪、硝酸钾配施牛粪、硝酸钾配施羊粪、氯化铵配施牛粪、氯化铵配施羊粪。结果表明,各处理的小麦秸秆腐解和碳、钾释放均符合前期快、后期慢的特点;在整个培养过程中,随着培养时间的延长,各处理的小麦秸秆腐解率逐渐增加,尿素、牛粪、尿素配施羊粪、硝酸钾配施牛粪、氯化铵配施牛粪均能促进小麦秸秆的降解;尿素配施羊粪处理对小麦秸秆的腐解效果最好。通过动力学方程拟合得知,牛粪处理在添加有机态氮肥中促腐效果最好,腐解速率常数达到2.43×10^(-2)d^(-1);尿素配施羊粪处理对小麦秸秆的促腐作用在配施氮肥处理中最强,腐解速率常数达到4.90×10^(-2)d^(-1)。在小麦秸秆堆腐试验结束时,麦秸碳氮比(C/N)下降至33~68;尿素配施羊粪处理下麦秸C/N最低,更有利于秸秆腐解。在养分释放过程中,施用硝酸钾会减缓秸秆中的养分释放,麦秸残余物中碳、氮、磷和钾素残留质量分别是其初始质量的50.9%~65.6%、53.4%~91.6%、34.5%~60.2%和5.31%~8.64%,养分释放率呈钾>磷>碳>氮的规律。综上所述,在秸秆腐解方面,尿素配施羊粪处理促腐效果最好;在养分释放方面,有机无机肥配施的情况下,尿素配施粪肥会促进秸秆碳和钾的释放;硝酸钾配施粪肥处理会促进氮和磷的释放;在添加有机氮或无机氮的情况下,前者促进秸秆养分释放的效果优于后者。
The effects of different nitrogen sources and their combined application on decomposition and nutrient release of wheat straw were studied to provide theoretical basis for improving nutrient utilization of wheat straw.In this study,nylon net bag method was used to carry out indoor rot test,taking wheat straw as the research object,12 treatments were set up:no nitrogen fertilizer,single application of urea and potassium nitrate,single application of ammonium chloride,single application of cow dung,single application of sheep manure,urea combined with cow manure,urea combined with sheep manure,potassium nitrate combined with cow manure,potassium nitrate combined with sheep manure,ammonium chloride combined with cow manure,goat manure with ammonium chloride.The results showed that the decomposition of wheat straw and the release of carbon and potassium were fast in the early stage and slow in the late stage.In the whole culture process,with the extension of culture time,the decomposition rate of wheat straw increased gradually.Urea,cow dung,urea combined with sheep dung,potassium nitrate combined with cow dung and ammonium chloride combined with cow dung treatments promoted the degradation of wheat straw.Urea combined with sheep manure treatment had the best decomposing effect on wheat straw.According to the kinetic equation fitting,cow manure treatment had the best effect on promoting straw decomposition among the different manure fertilizers,and the decomposition rate constant reached 2.43×10^(-2)d^(-1).Urea combined with sheep manure treatment had the strongest effect on wheat straw,and the decomposition rate constant reached 4.90×10^(-2)d^(-1).At the end of the test,the wheat straw C/N was decreased to 33-68.The C/N of wheat straw treated with urea combined with sheep manure was the lowest,which was more conducive to straw decomposition.In the process of nutrient release,the application of potassium nitrate slowed down the nutrient release in straw,and the residual weight of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in wheat straw residues was 50.9%-65.6%,53.4%-91.6%,34.5%-60.2%and 5.31%-8.64%of its initial weight,respectively.The nutrient release rate was ranked as potassium>phosphorus>carbon>nitrogen.In conclusion,urea combined with sheep manure treatment had the best effect on straw decomposition.In terms of nutrient release,urea combined with sheep manure could promote the release of carbon and potassium from straw when organic and inorganic fertilizers were combined applied.Potassium nitrate combined with cow manure treatment promoted the release of nitrogen and phosphorus.In the case of adding organic nitrogen or inorganic nitrogen,the former was better than the latter in promoting the nutrient release of straw.
作者
古静娴
黄洋洋
滑小赞
冯悦晨
王森
刘永岗
韩彦龙
赵瑞芬
GU Jing-xian;HUANG Yang-yang;HUA Xiao-zan;FENG Yue-chen;WANG Sen;LIU Yong-gang;HAN Yan-long;ZHAO Rui-fen(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031;Shanxi Provincial Center for Agricultural Ecological Protection and Resource Zoning,Taiyuan Shanxi 030000;Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第9期91-100,共10页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
山西省基础研究计划自然科学研究面上项目(202303021221107)
山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(2025CYJSTX18)
山西省果树产业技术体系(2025CYJSTX07)。
关键词
不同氮源
小麦秸秆
腐解规律
养分释放特征
different nitrogen sources
wheat straw
decomposition law
characteristics of nutrient release
