摘要
探索添加不同种类有机物料下短期内土壤活性有机碳组分和微生物特性的变化规律和差异,阐明其对土壤有机碳累积的贡献,揭示有机物料固碳的驱动因子,为农田土壤培肥和可持续发展提供科学依据。供试土壤采自山西省临汾市洪堡国家试验基地,采用室内培养方法,设置5个处理,分别为不添加物料(CK)及按等碳量(以玉米秸秆全量还田4 t·hm^(-2)为基准)添加小麦秸秆(WS)1.6162 g、玉米秸秆(MS)1.6214 g、猪粪(PM)1.7545 g和牛粪(CM)3.1888 g。在第15、30、60、90 d取样测定土壤有机碳(SOC)含量、活性有机碳含量、微生物群落结构和土壤碳相关酶活性等指标。与CK相比,各有机物料添加均显著提高了土壤SOC和活性碳组分含量。整个培养过程中牛粪处理SOC累积量相对较高,比秸秆处理高出3.20%~6.04%。秸秆处理下累积碳矿化量较粪肥处理高出3.5倍。粪肥处理中颗粒有机碳(POC)含量整体高于秸秆处理,且牛粪处理中可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量均高出秸秆处理的1.57%~15.93%。秸秆处理中真菌磷脂脂肪酸含量、真菌与细菌磷脂脂肪酸比值(F/B)和纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)活性均显著高于粪肥处理。4种有机物料处理下SOC与易氧化碳(ROC)、DOC、微生物量碳(MBC)和POC均呈显著正相关关系,其中秸秆处理下MBC对SOC具有直接正向影响,直接影响最大,效应值为0.45;粪肥处理下ROC对SOC具有显著的正向影响,正向效应值为0.32;ROC与MBC均可通过微生物群落和碳相关酶间接影响SOC的积累。因此,可以推断通过调控MBC和ROC含量是秸秆和粪肥物料提升土壤SOC的途径之一。综上所述,等碳量投入下,短期内牛粪对土壤有机碳的提升比秸秆物料快,且活性有机碳组分ROC是粪肥驱动SOC积累的关键活性组分,MBC是秸秆驱动SOC积累的关键因子之一。
Exploring the changes and differences in soil labile organic carbon fractions and microbial characteristics under the short-term application of different organic materials can clarify their contribution to soil organic carbon(SOC)accumulation,reveal the driving factors of SOC sequestration,and thus provide scientific basis for fertility cultivation and sustainable development in farmland.Soil samples were collected from Hongbao National Experimental Base in Linfen city,Shanxi province,and five treatments were set up based on equal rate of carbon,including no material(CK)and adding wheat straw(WS):1.6162 g,maize straw(MS):1.6214 g,pig manure(PM):1.7545 g and cattle manure(CM):3.1888 g according to the same cardon content(based on the total amount of maize straw returned to the field of 4 t·hm^(-2)).Soil samples were collected at 15,30,60 and 90 d during incubation for analysis of SOC content,labile organic carbon fractions,microbial community structure and carbonrelated enzyme activity related to carbon transformation.Compared to CK,the addition of various organic materials significantly increased the content of SOC and active carbon fractions.Throughout the incubation period,the SOC accumulation in the cattle manure treatment was relatively high,exceeding that of the straw treatment by 3.20%-6.04%.In contrast,the straw treatment had a cumulative carbon mineralization rate that was 3.5 times higher than that of the manure treatments.The particulate organic carbon(POC)content was generally higher in the manure treatments than that in the straw treatment,and the dissolved organic carbon(DOC)content in the cattle manure treatment was 1.57%-15.93%higher than that in the straw treatment.In the straw treatment,the content of fungal phospholipid acid,the F/B ratio,and the activity of cellobiohydrolase(CBH)were significantly higher than those in the manure treatments.Under all four organic material treatments,SOC was significantly positively correlated with easily oxidizable carbon(ROC),DOC,microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and POC.Among these correlations,MBC had the most direct positive impact on SOC in the straw treatment,with an effect value of 0.45.In the manure treatment,ROC had a significant positive impact on SOC,with an effect value of 0.32.Both ROC and MBC could indirectly influence the accumulation of SOC through microbial communities and carbon-related enzymes.Therefore,it could be inferred that regulating the content of MBC and ROC might be one of the pathways for straw and manure materials to enhance soil SOC.In summary,under equal carbon input,cattle manure could more rapidly enhance SOC in the short term compared to straw.The active organic carbon fraction ROC was the key active component driving SOC accumulation in the manure treatment,while MBC was one of the key factors driving SOC.
作者
曹建鹏
曾瀚轩
卢晋晶
秦泽峰
李生平
吴会军
杨治平
张强
CAO Jian-peng;ZENG Han-xuan;LU Jin-jing;QIN Ze-feng;LI Sheng-ping;WU Hui-jun;YANG Zhi-ping;ZHANG Qiang(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030801;Institute of Eco-Environment and Industrial Technology,Shanxi Agricultural University/Soil Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第9期1-11,共11页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
山西省科技重大专项计划项目(202201140601028)
山西农业大学“引进人才科研启动工程”项目(2023BQ122)。
关键词
有机物料
土壤有机碳
活性有机碳
有机碳矿化
磷脂脂肪酸
organic materials
soil organic carbon
labile organic carbon
organic carbon mineralization
phospholipid acid
