摘要
罗斯巴德用“工资铁律”解读马克思的工资理论,认为这一理论不仅与马克思的贫困化理论不一致,而且难以支撑其剩余价值理论、社会革命理论和资本主义崩溃理论。实际上,马克思不仅对“工资铁律”予以了批判,而且在本质与现象两个层面考察了工资决定问题。在本质层面,工资是劳动力商品的价值或价格,由构成工人生活资料的商品价值转化而来,一方面受到生产力发展的“技术性约束”;另一方面受到资本关系维系的“制度性约束”。在现象层面,工资表现为“劳动”的价值或价格,受到供求关系、阶级斗争、国家立法等各种因素的非本质性作用和影响。马克思的贫困化理论揭示了工人贫困所具有的“悖论性”,与工资决定理论并不冲突。资本对剩余价值的追求源自资本主义生产关系和由此决定的生产目的,无产阶级社会主义革命和资本主义崩溃宿命也均源自资本主义社会基本矛盾运动,与工资决定规律并无本质性联系。
Marx examined wage determination at two levels,namely essence and phenomenon.At the essential level,wages are the value or price of the labor power commodity.The iatter is derived from the transformed value of the commodities constituting workers'means of livelihood.Furthermore,on one hand,it is subject to"technical con-straints"of the development of productive forces.As productive forces advance,the forms,scope,and quantity of the means of livelihood determining wages change.On the other hand,it is subject to the"institutional constraint"of maintaining capitalist relations,whereby the means of livelihood,and consequently wages,are confined within certain limits that never fundamentally endanger the capitalist hired labour system.At the phenomenal level,wages appear as the value or price of"labor"Factors such as supply-demand relationship,class struggle,and state legislation affect the price of labor power commodities and thus wages by only causing the price of labour power to fluctuate around its value,but do not determine the value of the labour power commodity itself,and thus constitute a non-essential influence.
作者
王峰明
胡铭杨
Wang Fengming;Hu Mingyang
出处
《当代经济研究》
北大核心
2025年第10期42-52,128,共12页
Contemporary Economic Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(22AKS004)。
