摘要
超临界二氧化碳布雷顿动力循环因其具有较高的热经济性、广泛的应用场景和良好的发展前景成为当前热力学动力循环的研究热点。本文从超临界二氧化碳布雷顿动力循环的应用背景出发,分析了不同场景下循环系统的主要性能指标、应用模式和发展趋势,指出了作为循环系统核心部件的超临界二氧化碳离心式压缩机的主要研究热点和难点,发现超临界二氧化碳特殊的物理性质为压缩机的设计带来了许多有别于传统压缩机设计的新问题,因此本文以超临界二氧化碳离心式压缩机的设计研究进展为切入点,详细综述了超临界二氧化碳离心式压缩机的一维、准三维、全三维设计过程及设计经验。在一维设计中,主要运用一区模型进行性能预测,相比而言,该模型对效率的预测精准度远不及压比的预测精准度;而缺乏丰富的实验数据来校正传统经验公式,制约着一维设计的适用性。在准三维设计中,流线曲率法被证实更适用于超临界二氧化碳离心式压缩机。全三维设计及优化方法逐渐成为主要技术路径,但因为流动机理复杂,设计难度较高,因此本文对因工质特殊物性引起的二氧化碳冷凝、叶顶间隙泄漏、流动分离等现象进行了分析并概述了优化改进措施。在此基础上,对当前已开展的实验研究进行了总结,初步验证了超临界二氧化碳离心式压缩机的可行性,然后归纳了实验中发现的流动规律和值得关注的问题。最后,提出了未来在压缩机设计环节及实验研究中亟需解决的问题及发展趋势。
In recent years,the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton dynamic cycle has become a research hotspot due to its high thermal economy,wide application scenarios and high development prospects.Starting from the application background of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle,this paper analyzes the main performance indicators,application models and development trends of circulating systems in different scenarios,and points out the main research hotspots and difficulties of supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressors,which are the core components of circulating systems.It is found that the special physical properties of supercritical carbon dioxide bring many new problems for compressor design that are different from traditional compressor design.Therefore,this paper focuses on the compressor design,and comprehensively reviews the one-dimensional,quasi-three-dimensional and three-dimensional design processes and design experience of the supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressors.In one-dimensional design,the one-zone model is the main method for performance prediction.In comparison,the accuracy of efficiency prediction of this model is far less than that of pressure ratio prediction.Moreover,the lack of abundant experimental data to correct the traditional empirical formula restricts the applicability of one-dimensional design.In quasi-three-dimensional design,the streamline curvature method is proved to be more suitable for supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressors.Full three-dimensional design and optimization methods have gradually become the main technical path.However,due to the complex flow mechanism and high design difficulty,this paper has analyzed the phenomena such as carbon dioxide condensation,tip clearance leakage and flow separation caused by the special physical properties of the working medium and outlined the optimization and improvement measures.On this basis,the current experimental research is summarized,the feasibility of supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor is preliminarily verified,and then the flow rules found in the experiment and the problems worth attention are summarized.Finally,the problems and development trends that need to be solved in compressor design and experimental research in the future are presented.
作者
程柳
张可心
张华良
陈鹏
CHENG Liu;ZHANG Kexin;ZHANG Hualiang;CHEN Peng(Jiangsu University,Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology,Zhenjiang 212000,China;Energy Storage Research and Development Center,Nanjing Institute of Future Energy System,Nanjing 211135,China;The Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China)
出处
《工程热物理学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期3227-3244,共18页
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.52306285)
中国科学院国际合作局对外合作重点项目资助(No.117GJHZ2023009MI)
山东能源研究院企业联合基金项目资助(No.SEI U202301)。
关键词
超临界二氧化碳
离心式压缩机
压缩机设计
实验研究
supercritical carbon dioxide
centrifugal compressor
compressor design
experimental research
