摘要
【目的】为揭示施肥对“土壤-地下水”系统氮素的影响。【方法】以“先玉1225”为供试材料,设置不施氮肥(CK)、2/3倍常规施氮量(F1)、常规施氮量(F2)、4/3倍常规施氮(F3)4个施氮量处理,于2023年4月—11月在宁夏石嘴山市平罗县西大滩前进农场沙湖南侧进行田间试验,研究不同施氮量条件下土壤氮素、地下水氮素的分布特征以及“土壤-地下水”系统中氮素的相互关系。【结果】土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(-)-N以及NO_(3)^(-)-N含量整体均呈现出先上升,随后下降,最后再度上升的变化趋势。NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度的变化范围为0.04~4 mg·kg^(-1),且主要残留于表层(0~30 cm)土层中。在地下水中,无机氮素主要以NO_(3)^(-)-N的形式存在,F3处理的NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度较CK处理增加0.12%~0.18%,表明地下水水质已经受到一定程度的污染。土壤氮素与地下水氮素之间存在显著相关性,土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N与地下水NH_(4)^(+)-N呈负相关关系(P<0.05);而土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N与地下水NO_(3)^(-)-N呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。环境因子显著影响土壤与地下水中氮素的含量,土壤pH值与土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.05),地下水NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度与溶解氧呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究揭示了在不同施氮量条件下,土壤、地下水氮素的分布特征规律,对深入开展“土壤-地下水”系统的综合性研究,以及有效防治土壤、地下水氮素污染,具有重要的科学意义和实际应用价值。
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen dynamics in the"soil-groundwater"system.[Method]A field experiment was conducted from April to November 2023 at the Qianjin Farm on the south side of Shahu Lake in Pingluo County,Shizuishan city,Ningxia.Using"Xianyu 1225"as the test material,four nitrogen application treatments were set up:no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),2/3 times the conventional nitrogen application(F1),conventional nitrogen application(F2),and 4/3 times the conventional nitrogen application(F3).The interaction characteristics of"soil-groundwater"nitrogen to analyze the distribution characteristics of soil nitrogen and groundwater nitrogen under different nitrogen application conditions,as well as.[Result]The content of soil NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(2)^(-)-N,and NO_(3)^(-)-N generally exhibited an initial increase,followed by a decrease,and then a subsequent increase.The variation range of NO_(3)^(-)-N concentration was the largest,from 0.04−4mg·kg^(-1),and mainly remained in the surface layer(0-30 cm)of the soil.In groundwater,inorganic nitrogen mainly existed in the form of NO_(3)^(-)-N,and the NO_(3)^(-)-N concentration in the F3 treatment was 0.12%?.18%higher than that in the CK treatment,indicating some degree of groundwater pollution.A significant correlation was observed between soil nitrogen and groundwater nitrogen,with soil NH_(4)^(+)-N showing a negative correlation with groundwater NH_(4)^(+)-N(P<0.05),whereas soil NO_(3)^(-)-N showed a positive correlation with groundwater NO_(3)^(-)-N(P<0.05).Environmental factors significantly influenced nitrogen levels in both soil and groundwater.Soil pH value showed a highly significant negative correlation with soil NO_(3)^(-)-N concentration(P<0.01),and groundwater NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration was significantly negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The results revealed the regularity of the distribution characteristics of soil and groundwater nitrogen under different nitrogen application conditions,which have important scientific guiding significance and practical application value for in-depth comprehensive research on the soil-water system and effective prevention and control of soil and groundwater nitrogen pollution.
作者
官家蓉
冯波
冯宁
钟艳霞
齐娅荣
夏苑
GUAN Jiarong;FENG Bo;FENG Ning;ZHONG Yanxia;QI Yarong;XIA Yuan(School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Cultivation Base of Northwest State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration jointly established by the Ministry and the province,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Lab for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Enviroment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《安徽农业大学学报》
2025年第4期726-735,共10页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42277466)。
关键词
夏玉米
施氮量
“土壤-地下水”系统
氮素含量
地下水污染
summer maize
nitrogen application rate
"soil-groundwater"system
nitrogen content
groundwater pollution
