摘要
【目的】研究温度变化对麦类饲草种子发芽过程中萌发指标及抗氧化生理指标的影响,以阐明种子的萌发机制。【方法】以海拔4000 m以上地区广泛种植且适应性强的7个燕麦品种和1个小黑麦品种为材料,探索低温胁迫(5、10和15℃)和正常温度(20和25℃)下种子萌发和幼苗抗氧化生理变化。【结果】低温胁迫处理下,8个麦类饲草种子萌发特性差异显著(P<0.05),发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗高度、幼苗鲜质量、SOD、POD、CAT等均随温度降低而降低,MDA含量随着温度降低而增加。5℃时,‘青引1号’种子发芽率最高,为37.78%,显著高于其他品种,‘青海甜燕麦’幼苗SOD、POD和CAT活性较高,分别为61.48 U·g^(-1)、33.82 U·g^(-1)·min^(-1)和85.74U·g^(-1)·min^(-1),显著高于除‘加燕’、‘青引1号’外的其他品种。正常温度处理下,8个麦类饲草种子萌发指标和生长状况显著提高。20℃时,‘青引1号’种子发芽率高达99.0%,幼苗高度达到127.17 mm;25℃时‘青海甜燕麦’发芽率高达96.33%,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),幼苗SOD、POD和CAT活性均最高,分别为108.58 U·g^(-1)、83.82U·g^(-1)·min^(-1)和293.83 U·g^(-1)·min^(-1)。相关性分析表明,9个萌发指标之间存在显著或极显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。隶属函数评价结果显示,低温胁迫处理8个麦类饲草种子的萌芽能力强弱顺序为:‘青海甜燕麦’>‘林纳’>‘青引1号’>‘加燕’>‘青引2号’>‘小黑麦甘农2号’>‘白燕7号’>‘青甜1号’。正常温度处理,‘青海甜燕’麦各项萌发指标最佳,‘青引1号’次之,‘加燕’排名第3,‘青甜1号’萌发能力最差。【结论】‘青海甜燕麦’和‘林纳’在低温胁迫下表现出最佳耐受能力,适宜在高海拔地区早播以延长生育期,提高生长和产量。‘青引1号’和‘加燕’则需适度晚播,以提升出苗率。研究结果对于促进高海拔地区草地畜牧业发展具有一定促进作用。
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature variation on germination characteristics and antioxidant physiological indices of cereal forage grass seeds during germination,thereby elucidating the seed germination mechanism.[Method]Seven varieties of oat and one variety of triticale,which are widely planted in areas above 4000 m of sea level and have strong adaptability,were used as materials to explore the physiological changes of seed germination and seedling antioxidation under low temperature stress(5,10 and 15℃)and normal temperature(20 and 25℃).[Result]Under low temperature stress,the germination characteristics of eight wheat forage seeds were significantly different(P<0.05).The germination rate,germination index,seedling height,seedling fresh weight,SOD,POD and CAT all decreased with the decrease of temperature,while the MDA content increased with the decrease of temperature.At 5℃,the seed germination rate of‘Qingyin No.1’was the highest,which was 37.78%,significantly exceeding other varieties;the activities of SOD,POD and CAT in‘Qinghai sweet oat’seedlings were higher,which were 61.48 U·g^(-1),33.82 U·g^(-1)·min^(-1)and 85.74 U·g^(-1)·min^(-1),respectively,significantly surpassing other varieties except‘Jiayan’and‘Qingyin No.1’.Under normal temperature,the germination index and growth status of eight wheat forage seeds were significantly improved.At 20℃,the seed germination rate of‘Qingyin NO.1’reached 99.0%,and the seedling height reached 127.17 mm;at 25℃,the seed germination rate of‘Qinghai sweet’oat was 96.33%,which was significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.05),and the activities of SOD,POD and CAT in seedlings were the highest,with values of 108.58 U·g^(-1),83.82 U·g^(-1)·min^(-1)and 293.83 U·g^(-1)·min^(-1),respectively.Correlation analysis showed that there were a lot of significant or extremely significant positive correlations among the nine germination indexes(P<0.05).The results of membership function evaluation showed that the order of germination ability of eight wheat forage seeds under low temperature stress was‘Qinghai sweet oat’>‘Linna’>‘Qingyin No.1’>‘Jiayan’>‘Qingyin No.2’>‘Triticale Gannong No.2’>‘Bai Yan No.7’>‘Qingtian No.1’.Under normal temperature,the germination indexes of‘Qinghai sweet oat’were the best,followed by‘Qingyin No.1’and‘Jiayan No.3’,while‘Qingtian No.1’had the worst germination ability.[Conclusion]‘Qinghai sweet oats’and‘Linna’showed the best tolerance under low temperature stress,and were suitable for early sowing in high altitude areas to prolong the growth period and improve the growth and yield.‘Qingyin No.1’and‘Jiayan’need to be sown moderately late to improve the emergence rate.The research has a certain role in promoting the development of grassland animal husbandry in high altitude areas.
作者
蔡宗程
吕亮雨
保善存
高佩
李发毅
付守全
韩玟
施建军
CAI Zongcheng;LYU Liangyu;BAO Shancun;GAO Pei;LI Fayi;FU Shouquan;HAN Wen;SHI Jianjun(College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University/Key Laboratory of Ecological Education of Alpine Grassland in Sanjiangyuan District/Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management of Alpine Grassland in Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《安徽农业大学学报》
2025年第4期602-612,共11页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural University
基金
达日县饲草绿色丰产技术集成与示范(2024-NK-P24)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK1002)。
关键词
麦类饲草
低温处理
萌发指数
生长指标
抗氧化酶活性
隶属函数
oat and rye forage
low temperature treatment
germination index
growth indicators
antioxidant enzyme activity
membership function
