摘要
【目的】探究烤烟在长期连作与轮作状态下土壤中微生物的响应状态。【方法】采用宏基因组测序技术,借助贵州省长期定位试验,以撂荒(LH)为对照,研究烤烟轮作(TR)和烤烟连作(TC)土壤中微生物对不同种植方式的响应。【结果】(1)3种种植方式土壤中细菌类物种多样性和丰富度指数均最高。种植烤烟处理土壤微生物α多样性显著高于撂荒处理。轮作与连作相比,表现为轮作细菌的Shannon指数、Simpson指数均显著低于连作。(2)不同种植方式门水平上优势物种结构组成相似,优势细菌门为放线菌门、酸杆菌门、假单胞菌门;优势真菌门为子囊菌门、毛霉菌门;优势古菌门为奇古菌门、广古菌门;不同种植方式优势细菌和古菌属水平结构差异显著,轮作比连作富集了更多的土壤红杆菌、类诺卡氏菌、鞘氨醇单胞菌、Gemmatirosa等有益细菌属和亚硝化球菌、厌氧甲烷氧化-噬甲烷菌属等有益古菌属,而连作显著富集了致病菌根霉菌属。结合LEfSe分析,轮作种植土壤微生物富集的优势类群显著高于连作,其数量是连作的4.4倍。(3)连作土壤中微生物代谢活动依次比撂荒和轮作活跃,与轮作的差异显著(P<0.05),主要代谢功能基因丰度碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢在连作中分别较轮作提高了3.02%、2.63%、4.42%。(4)土壤速效磷(AP)、全氮(TN)、全钾(TK)含量是影响土壤微生物多样性、微生物结构以及微生物代谢功能的主要的理化因子。【结论】不同类群微生物对种植方式的响应差异显著,以细菌最为敏感,土壤AP、TN、TK含量变化是引起微生物响应的主要理化因子,在后期的土壤改良工作中建议根据不同类群微生物的响应策略,制定差异化的改良措施。
[Objective]The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of soil microorganisms under long-term continuous cropping and crop rotation of flue-cured tobacco.[Methods]Using metagenomic sequencing technology and a long-term fixed-site experiment in Guizhou Province,with fallow(LH)as the control,this study investigated the response of soil microorganisms to tobacco rotation(TR)and continuous cropping(TC).[Results](1)Soil bacterial species diversity and richness indices were the highest under all three planting methods.The α-diversity of soil microorganisms under flue-cured tobacco planting treatment was significantly higher than that under abandoned treatment.Compared with continuous cropping,rotation showed significantly lower Shannon index and Simpson index of bacteria.(2)The dominant phyla were similar across different planting methods:Actinobacteriota,Acidobacteriota,and Pseudomonadota were the dominant bacterial phyla;Ascomycota and Mucoromycota were the dominant fungal phyla;Thaumarchaeota and Woesearchaeota were the dominant archaeal phyla.Significant differences were observed at the genus level for dominant bacteria and archaea among planting methods.Crop rotation enriched more beneficial bacterial genera(e.g.,Rhodobacter,Nocardia,Sphingomonas,and Gemmatirosa)and beneficial archaeal genera(e.g.,Nitrosococcus and anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea),whereas continuous cropping significantly enriched pathogenic fungal genera such as Rhizopus.LEfSe analysis showed that the abundance of enriched microbial groups in rotation soils was significantly higher than in continuous cropping,by a factor of 4.4.(3)Microbial metabolic activity in continuous cropping soils was more active than in fallow and crop rotation soils,with significant differences compared to rotation(P<0.05).Key metabolic genes for carbohydrate metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and energy metabolism increased in abundance by 3.02%,2.63%,and 4.42%,respectively,in continuous cropping compared to rotation.(4)Available phosphorus(AP),total nitrogen(TN),and total potassium(TK)were the main physico-chemical factors influencing soil microbial diversity,community structure,and metabolic function.[Conclusion]Different microbial groups responded significantly to planting methods,with bacteria being the most sensitive.Changes in soil AP,TN,and TK content were the main physico-chemical factors driving microbial responses.In future soil improvement efforts,differentiated strategies should be developed based on the response patterns of different microbial groups.
作者
李琼香
李志宏
张云贵
朱经伟
张恒
刘艳霞
李寒
陈曦
王新修
杨荣
刘青丽
LI Qiongxiang;LI Zhihong;ZHANG Yungui;ZHU Jingwei;ZHANG Heng;LIU Yanxia;LI Han;CHEN Xi;WANG Xinxiu;YANG Rong;LIU Qingli(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang 550000,China)
出处
《中国烟草学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期115-126,共12页
Acta Tabacaria Sinica
基金
植烟土壤健康评价体系构建及应用(110202102037)
贵州典型植烟土壤健康评价指标体系构建与应用(2021XM17)
国家烟草专卖局科技项目(110200601014)。
关键词
种植方式
连作
轮作
环境因子
长期定位试验
微生物群落
planting method
continuous cropping
crop rotation
environmental factors
long-term fixed-site experiment
microbial community
