摘要
近年来,高性能复合材料的应用需求与新材料结构设计相互促进、共同发展。仿生结构研究为创造高性能复合结构材料提供了创新源泉,也为设计开发新型功能器件提供了高效方法。南极企鹅羽毛和北极熊毛发均具有天然的微纳米级大孔结构,其低热导率有利于企鹅和北极熊在极寒地区维持体温。基于中空结构优异的隔热特性,研究人员已在多种尺度上仿生设计并宏量制备一系列隔热材料,并对其性能开展了系统研究,促进了该类材料的工程化应用。本文综述了以中空大孔结构的企鹅羽毛和北极熊毛发为灵感设计的仿生隔热材料研究。该类材料具有微米级孔隙结构,其孔径尺寸接近分子自由程。通过建模分析,进一步揭示了仿生中空结构中的热量传递机制。本文重点综述了仿生中空隔热材料的研究进展,展望了该类材料未来的研究方向,探究了其在界面光热蒸发、能源利用和生态保护等方面的潜在价值。通过对生物结构特性的深入解析及其在应用中的构效关系研究,有望推动设计开发结构稳定、性能卓越的仿生材料。
In recent years,the application demand of high-performance composites and the structural design of novel materials have exhibited synergistic advancement.Research on bionic structures has served as an innovative foundation for developing high-performance composite structural materials,while also providing efficient methodologies for designing new devices.Both antarctic penguin feathers and polar bear fur have natural macro-nano porous structures,which low thermal conductivity facilitates thermoregulation in extremely cold regions.Inspired by the exceptional thermal insulation performance of hollow structures,researchers have biomimetically designed and scalably fabricated a series of thermal insulation materials across multiple scales,accompanied by systematic investigations of their properties,thereby accelerating the engineering application of such materials.This review critically examines recent advancements in bionic hollow insulation materials,outlines prospective research directions for this class of materials,and investigates their potential applications in interfacial solar thermal evaporation,energy utilization,and ecological conservation.Through in-depth analysis of biological structural characteristics and comprehensive investigation of structure-property relationships in practical applications,this field is poised to advance the design and development of biomimetic materials with enhanced structural stability and superior performance.
作者
张扬帆
刘家鸣
赵浩雨
ZHANG Yangfan;LIU Jiaming;ZHAO Haoyu(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Energy Devices&Interface Science,School of Chemistry and Materials Science,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)
出处
《材料工程》
北大核心
2025年第10期51-62,共12页
Journal of Materials Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(22105196)
江苏省高等教育内涵建设与发展双一流校人才启动费(2023r034)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M731753)
教育部产学合作协同育人项目(230811274807258)。
关键词
仿生结构
中空隔热材料
分子自由程
界面光热蒸发
bionic structure
hollow insulation material
molecular free path
interfacial solar thermal evaporation
