摘要
从认识论的角度看,预防性环境民事公益诉讼中重大风险的认定主要存在认知能力不足的挑战,应关注知识生产在提升事实认知能力上的应有价值。重大风险认定是一个综合性判断的过程,应正视多元知识的价值,在弥合分歧并达成共识的基础上形成裁判事实,以认知的可接受性证成重大风险认定的正当性。为此,诉讼中应以多元而非单一知识为生产对象,在开放互动的司法程序指引下重塑知识生产过程,并产出有利于稳定事实认定规范性预期的知识产品。不过,当前制度环境下知识生产还无法实现预期目标,面临专业知识“独大”导致事实认知偏差、“知识-权力”结构下事实决断权被不当支配以及司法知识再生产目标下的制度激励不足的困境。为此,应通过构建基于认知正义的知识合作生产机制,完善外部知识运用的审查及论证说理规则,强化司法知识生产与再生产的制度激励,从而改善重大风险认定中的知识生产制度环境,提升法院的事实认定能力,维系重大风险认定结论的规范性预期。
From an epistemological perspective,the identification of significant risks in preventive environ⁃mental civil public interest litigation primarily faces the challenge of insufficient cognitive capacity.There⁃fore,attention should be given to the inherent value of knowledge production in enhancing factual cognitive capabilities.The identification of significant risks is a comprehensive process of judgment,and the cognitive value of diverse knowledge should be recognized.Based on bridging differences and reaching consensus,the adjudicative facts should be formed to prove the legitimacy of the identification of significant risks through the acceptability of cognition.Therefore,knowledge production in litigation should focus on producing diverse rather than singular knowledge,reshape the knowledge production process based on open and interactive judi⁃cial procedures,and maintain normative expectations for factual findings in the production results.However,under the current institutional environment,knowledge production is still unable to achieve the expected cog⁃nitive goals,facing practical difficulties such as the dominance of professional knowledge leading to factual cognitive biases,improper control of factual decision-making power under the“knowledge power”structure,and insufficient institutional incentives under the goal of judicial knowledge reproduction.To this end,it is necessary to establish a knowledge cooperation production mechanism based on epistemic justice,improve the review and reasoning rules for external knowledge application,and strengthen the institutional incentives for judicial knowledge production and reproduction,so as to improve the institutional environment for knowl⁃edge production in significant risk identification,enhance the factual identification ability of the court,and maintain the normative expectations of significant risk identification conclusions.
出处
《中国地质大学学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第5期96-109,共14页
Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
陕西省哲学社会科学研究项目“知识生产视域下预防性环境民事公益诉讼中事实认定机制的优化研究”(2025QN0531)。
关键词
预防性环境民事公益诉讼
重大风险认定
事实认知能力
知识生产
preventive environmental civil public interest litigation
significant risk identification
factual cognitive ability
knowledge production
