摘要
海上风电是当今世界可再生能源的重要组成部分,我国连续多年领跑全球海上风电新增装机容量。海上风电虽然确权用海面积较小,但风机场区用海包络面积往往达到几十平方千米或更多,导致近岸海域空间破碎化。文章通过对渤海和福建沿海多个已建或批复海上风电项目的统计分析,发现渤海内7 MW和福建沿海5 MW以上风机的海上风电项目平均每10万kW包络面积为10.97 km^(2)和9.15 km^(2),远低于原国家海洋局提出的海上风电项目用海面积管控要求。而且,大容量风机应用后,场区整体尾流系数呈下降趋势,但由于场区规划容量限制,影响了风机应布尽布,从而影响节约集约用海。因此,要最大限度地节约集约使用海域资源和高效利用风能资源,海上风电的风机平面布置和场区规划总装机容量至关重要。建议海上风电装机容量与用海包络的面积限值需要适时调整,单个海上风电场区的规划装机容量应改为最低装机容量,场区内平均尾流保持适当水平前提下,风机需应布尽布,布满场区。
Offshore wind power is an important component of renewable energy.China has been leading the world's newly installed offshore wind power capacity for several consecutive years.However,the sea area for offshore wind power is not large,the envelope area of offshore wind power often covers more than several tens of square kilometers.It leads to the fragmentation of inshore marine space.Based on a statistical analysis of offshore wind power in operation or approved in the Bo Hai and coastal area of Fujian Province.It was found that the average envelope area of sea area occupied by offshore wind power projects with wind turbines more than 7 MW in the Bo Hai and 5 MW along Fujian coast is 10.97 and 9.15 km^(2) per 100,000 kW respectively,which is much lower than the envelope area requirements for offshore wind power projects proposed by the former State Oceanic Administration.Moreover,the overall wake coefficient of the field shows a downward trend after the application of larger wind turbine capacity.The planned total installed capacity of an offshore wind power site has affected the intensive and economical use of sea area.Therefore,how to maximize the intensive and efficient use of marine resources and wind energy resources,the layout of offshore wind turbines and the planning of the total installed capacity of the offshore wind power site are crucial.It is suggested that the limit of sea envelope area for offshore wind power needs to be adjusted.The planned total installed capacity of a single offshore wind power should be changed to the minimum total installed capacity.On the premise that the average wake coefficient in the field remains at an appropriate level,the field should be fully covered with wind turbines.
作者
王勇智
刘涛
张宇
纪鹏
吴耀建
安明明
林兆彬
许春晓
WANG Yongzhi;LIU Tao;ZHANG Yu;JI Peng;WU Yaojian;AN Mingming;LIN Zhaobin;XU Chunxiao(The First Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;CNOOC(China)Limited Beijing Research Center,Beijing 100028,China;Marine Consulting Center,MNR,Beijing 100161,China;The Third Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Xiamen 361005,China;Xiamen Zhongjixin Detection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361116,China;Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian,Xiamen 361000,China)
出处
《海洋开发与管理》
2025年第4期13-20,共8页
Ocean Development and Management
基金
国家自然基金委-山东联合基金项目“基于陆海统筹的多重人类活动对山东海湾生态系统的协同影响及适应性调控机制”(U1806214)。
关键词
海上风电
单机容量
尾流系数
用海面积
Offshore wind power
Single wind turbine capacity
Wake coefficient
Sea area
