摘要
烟草野火病是由丁香假单胞菌烟草致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci)引发的叶部细菌性病害。作为烟草种植领域的关键性细菌病害,病原体通过侵染植物组织引起系统性病变。该病害的典型症状是叶片出现黄褐色坏死斑并伴有黄色晕圈,感染烟叶在烘烤过程中表现出明显的理化特性劣变(如烤后叶片脆弱易碎),且商业使用性降低,严重威胁烟草产业的可持续发展。通过对烟草野火病的田间发病症状、微生物群落分析及综合防治的研究进展进行总结,发现化学防治、生物防治和抗病品种的选育是主要的防治手段。化学防治存在农药残留及抗药性问题,生物防治虽为绿色防控手段,但生防菌的产业化应用尚未成熟;抗病品种选育虽有一定进展,但尚未培育出稳定的高抗品种。未来研究应聚焦于根据不同烟区的具体情况构建各自的绿色防控体系,利用分子检测技术开发快速检测方法,提前预警病害的发生。同时,加强病原菌遗传多样性和防治方法的研究,为制定烟草野火病的综合防治策略提供更多数据支持。
Tobacco wildfire disease is a bacterial leaf disease infection caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci.As a critical bacterial disease in tobacco cultivation,the pathogen infects plant tissues,leading to systemic damage.The disease is typically characterized by the appearance of yellowish-brown necrotic spots surrounded by yellow halos on the leaves.Infected tobacco leaves exhibit significant deterioration in physicochemical properties during the curing process,such as increased brittleness and reduced commercial usability,posing a serious threat to the tobacco industry.This article elaborates on research related to field symptoms,microbial community analysis,and integrated management of tobacco wildfire disease.It finds that the most commonly used control methods in recent years include chemical control,biological control,and the breeding of disease-resistant varieties.However,chemical control faces issues such as pesticide residues and the development of resistance,while biological control,although environmentally friendly,but has not yet achieved mature industrial application of biocontrol agents.Although progress has been made in breeding disease-resistant varieties,but no stable,highly resistant varieties have been developed.Future research could focus on establishing region-specific green control systems based on local conditions,developing rapid detection methods using molecular detection technologies for early disease forecasting,and strengthening studies on the genetic diversity of the pathogen and control methods.These efforts will provide more data support for formulating comprehensive strategies to manage tobacco wildfire disease.
作者
周佳
肖艳松
刘华飞
任佐华
ZHOU Jia;XIAO Yansong;LIU Huafei;REN Zuohua(College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Chenzhou Hunan 423000,China)
出处
《植物医学》
2025年第5期46-54,共9页
Plant Health and Medicine
基金
湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司科技项目(CZYC2022JS03)。
关键词
烟草野火病
绿色防控
生物防治
抗病品种
tobacco wildfire disease
green control
biological control
disease-resistant varieties
