摘要
番茄灰霉病是由灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea引起的一种毁灭性的真菌病害,是制约番茄产量和品质提高的重要因素之一。本文以番茄灰霉病原菌及其生防菌为研究对象,开展了生防菌的防治效果和防治机制的初步探究。采用平板对峙试验测得多黏芽孢杆菌YF对灰葡萄孢菌抑菌率为41.04%。通过显微镜观察到菌落边缘受抑制的菌丝变粗,分枝变多,节间空间变小,出现囊泡状异常形状。此外,采用酶活平板检测结果表明,多黏芽孢杆菌YF可产生几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶等胞外酶,并对其发酵液采用正丁醇萃取,萃取物用甲醇溶解成1 mg·mL^(-1)的溶液,平板对峙试验结果表明其抑菌率达到了67.86%。通过平板对峙试验法测定了菌株YF对常见的8种植物病原菌的抑菌率,结果表明,菌株YF对8种病原菌均有良好的抑制作用,抑制率最低的为57.69%(核盘菌),最高达到了68.57%(马铃薯立枯丝核菌)。综上所述,多黏类芽孢杆菌YF对病原真菌具有良好的拮抗活性,并具有较高的抗菌物质分泌能力,这为番茄灰霉的生物防治提供了极具应用开发潜力的生防菌株。
Tomato gray mold is a devastating fungal disease caused by Botrytis cinerea,which is one of the important factors restricting tomato yield and quality.This study focused on Botrytis cinerea and its biocontrol bacteria were used as the research object,and explored the control effect and mechanism of the biocontrol bacteria.Plate confrontation assays showed that Paenibacillus polymyxa YF exhibited an inhibition rate of 41.04%against B.cinerea.Microscope observation revealed significant morphological abnormalities in the hyphae at the conony edges,characterized by thickened hyphae,increased branching,shortened internoded,and the presence of vesicle-like structures.Enzyme activity plate detection further showed that P.polymyxa YF could produce chitinase,β-1,3-glucanase and protease.When the fermentation broth was extracted with n-butanol and the extract was dissolved in methanol to 1 mg·mL^(-1) solution for plant confrontation assyas,the inhibition rate increased to 67.86%.In addtion,strain YF exhibited broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against eight common plant pathogens,with the lowest inhibition rate was 57.69% against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the highest of 68.57% against Rhizoctonia solani.In summary,P.polymyxa YF has significant antagonistic activity and antibacterial substance secretion ability,providing a highly promising biocontrol strain for the biological control of tomato gray mold.
作者
张建强
魏涛
赖鑫
王丽华
梁剑
唐功
ZHANG Jianqiang;WEI Tao;LAI Xin;WANG Lihua;LIANG Jian;TANG Gong(College of Resources and Environment,Aba Teachers College,Aba 624002,Sichuan,China)
出处
《中国瓜菜》
北大核心
2025年第10期61-67,共7页
China Cucurbits And Vegetables
基金
国家自然科学基金(32360298)
德阳市重点研发项目(2022SZ052)
阿坝师范学院校级课题研究项目(AS-HBZ2023-66)
阿坝师范学院成果转化项目(AS-CGZH2023-03)。
关键词
番茄
灰葡萄孢
生物防治
多黏类芽孢杆菌
防治机制
Tomato
Botrytis cinerea
Biological control
Paenibacillus polymyxa
Control mechanism
