摘要
探讨中医证候动物模型不同的构建方法及其优劣势,并针对现有构建方法存在的问题提出优化策略,以期为构建既保有中医证候本质又符合现代科研规范的中医证候动物模型提供参考。本文以“中医”“证候”“动物模型”为关键词检索并阅览知网、万方以及维普数据库中有关中医证候动物模型的文章,继而系统梳理了当前中医证候动物模型主要构建方法的理论依据、技术特点及存在问题,并针对存在的问题提出相应的优化措施。中医证候动物模型的构建方法包括中医病因病机构建法、现代医学病因病理构建法以及中西医病证结合构建法。中医病因病机构建法以整体观为指导,通过模拟六淫致病、情志失调等外因来构建证候模型;该方法虽契合中医理论内涵、操作简便且可控性强,但存在造模成功率低、病因-证候拟合度不足等问题。现代医学病因病理构建法基于微观病理机制,采用药物干预、手术建模等可控性强的技术手段;该方法虽具有客观指标明确、可重复性优的特点,但存在偏离中医“证”的本质、安全性不足等缺陷。中西医病证结合法在证候本质还原度与技术可行性上呈显著互补性,在方法论上实现了中医基础理论与临床辨证思维的系统融合,并整合现代医学的客观评价体系,提升了西医病理机制与中医证候演变规律的临床吻合度;然而,该方法仍面临证候辨识标准模糊、疾病进展模拟失真等共性挑战。中医证候动物模型的构建虽面临理论适配性差、技术标准化欠佳等问题,但在验证方药疗效和推动中医药国际化方面仍具有不可替代的价值。未来应通过优化动物选择、完善制备方法理论依据、规范造模因素设置、明确造模成功标准等措施优化中医证候动物模型的构建。
This study aims to explore different construction methods for animal models of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes and their advantages and disadvantages,to propose optimization strategies for existing problems in current construction methods,and to provide reference for constructing animal models of TCM syndromes that both preserve the essence of TCM syndromes and conform to modern scientific research standards.Using"traditional Chinese medicine","syndrome",and"animal model"as key words,articles related to animal models of TCM syndromes from CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP databases are searched and reviewed.Then the theoretical basis,technical characteristics,and existing problems of the main construction methods of current TCM syndrome animal models are systematically sorted out,and corresponding optimization measures are proposed for the existing problems.The construction methods of TCM syndrome animal models include TCM etiology and pathogenesis construction,modern medical etiology and pathology construction,and integration of TCM and Western medicine for diseases and syndromes.The TCM etiology and pathogenesis construction method is guided by a holistic perspective,constructing syndrome models by simulating external factors such as six pathogenic factors and emotional disorders.Although it conforms to TCM theoretical connotation and has simple operation and strong controllability,this method has problems such as low modeling success rate and poor etiology-syndrome fit.The modern medical etiology and pathology construction method is based on microscopic pathological mechanisms,adopting highly controllable technical means such as drug intervention and surgical modeling.Although it has the characteristics of clear objective indicators and excellent reproducibility,this method has defects such as deviation from the essence of TCM"syndrome"and insufficient safety.The integrated TCM-Western medicine disease-syndrome method shows significant complementarity in syndrome essence restoration degree and technical feasibility,achieves systematic integration of TCM basic theories and clinical syndrome differentiation thinking in methodology,and integrates the objective evaluation system of modern medicine,improving the clinical consistency between Western medicine pathological mechanisms and TCM syndrome evolution patterns.However,this method still faces common challenges such as ambiguous syndrome identification standards and distortion of disease progression simulation.The construction of TCM syndrome animal models faces challenges such as poor theoretical adaptability and poor technical standardization,but has irreplaceable value in verifying the efficacy of prescriptions and promoting the internationalization of TCM.In the future,the construction of TCM syndrome animal models should be optimized through measures such as optimizing animal selection,improving the theoretical basis of preparation methods,standardizing the setting of modeling factors,and clarifying the standard for modeling success.
作者
王笑铭
孟晨晨
范鹿
李艳阳
张军平
吕仕超
WANG Xiaoming;MENG Chenchen;FAN Lu;LI Yanyang;ZHANG Junping;LÜShichao(First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion),Tianjin 300193,China;Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,Tianjin 300060,China)
出处
《实验动物与比较医学》
2025年第5期596-610,共15页
Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine
基金
天津市教委科研计划项目“益气复脉方调控TMAO-NLRP3/Caspase-1通路介导的细胞焦亡干预慢性心衰急性失代偿的机制研究”(2023ZD029)。
关键词
动物模型
中医证候
中医病因病机
病证结合
辨证论治
Animal model
Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome
Etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine
Integration of disease and syndrome
Syndrome differentiation and treatment
