摘要
【目的】综合评价新疆南疆棉花主栽品种的抗旱性,筛选抗旱性指标,鉴选优异抗旱品种。【方法】采用砂培试验,利用15%PEG6000对15个南疆主栽棉种进行干旱处理,以清水处理为对照,调查棉种表型和生理性状并计算棉种抗旱系数,通过相关性分析、主成分分析、TOPSIS熵权法和聚类分析对棉花品种的抗旱性进行综合评价,利用多元逐步回归构建最优回归模型,对棉花抗旱性进行综合评价和分级。【结果】相较于对照,干旱胁迫下发芽势(germination energy,GE)、发芽指数(germination index,GI)、根数(root number,RN)、主根长(main root length,MRL)、下胚轴长(hypocotyl length,HL)、鲜物质质量(fresh weight,FW)和干物质质量(dry weight,DW)均降低30%以上,其中HL下降幅度最大为50.55%,下胚轴粗(hypocotyl diameter,HD)下降幅度最低为24.66%,而超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性和丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量增加20%以上;主成分分析将原12个指标归纳为2个独立的综合指标,累积贡献率达82.80%,筛选出显著影响棉花萌发期抗旱能力的5个单项指标(MDA、SOD、DW、HD和GR)。通过熵权-TOPSIS确定不同基因型棉花萌发期抗旱性综合评价指数,并利用聚类分析将15个棉花品种划分为4种抗旱类型,其中高抗旱型3个品种(塔河2号、中棉113、新陆中40),抗旱型4个品种(中棉88、中棉所979、新陆中61、酒棉20),耐旱型4个品种(新陆中88、中棉619、中棉96A、中生棉17),不耐旱型4个品种(新陆早50、新陆中67、JBK16、新陆中37)。进一步利用逐步回归方法建立了可靠的棉花萌发期抗旱性评价回归模型I=0.74-0.51CMDA+0.15CSOD+0.20CDW+0.24CHD+0.45CGE,决定系数为0.99。【结论】高抗旱的棉花品种所受的影响明显低于抗旱性弱的品种,且具有较高的抗氧化能力。鉴定筛选出塔河2号为抗旱性最强品种,并建立了1套精准、高效的抗旱性鉴定体系,为棉花抗旱育种和栽培提供理论依据和技术支持。
[Objective]This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of major cotton cultivars in southern Xinjiang,screen drought resistance indicators,and identify superior drought-resistant cultivars(lines).[Methods]A sand culture experiment was conducted using 15%PEG6000 to simulate drought stress on 15 cotton cultivars from southern Xinjiang.Phenotypic and physiological traits were investigated,and drought resistance coefficients were calculated.Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance was performed through correlation analysis,principal component analysis(PCA),entropy-weighted TOPSIS method,and cluster analysis.A multiple stepwise regression model was established to optimize the evaluation system for drought resistance.[Results]Compared with the control,drought stress reduced the germination energy(GE),germination index(GI),root number(RN),main root length(MRL),hypocotyl length(HL),fresh weight(FW),and dry weight(DW)by over 30%,with HL showing the most significant decline(50.55%)and hypocotyl diameter(HD)the least(24.66%).Conversely,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities,along with malondialdehyde(MDA)content,increased by over 20%.PCA condensed the original 12 indicators into two independent comprehensive factors,explaining 82.80%of variance,and identified five key drought resistance indicators during germination:MDA,SOD,DW,HD,and GR.Using entropy-weighted TOPSIS,a comprehensive drought resistance index was determined,and cluster analysis classified the 15 cultivars into four drought resistance types,including three high drought-resistant cultivars(Tahe 2,Zhongmian 113,and Xinluzhong 40),four moderate drought-resistant cultivars(Zhongmian 88,CCRI 979,Xinluzhong 61,and Jiumian 20),four drought-tolerant resistant cultivars(Xinluzhong 88,Zhongmian 619,Zhongmian 96A,and Zhongshengmian 17),and four drought-susceptible cultivars(Xinluzao 50,Xinluzhong 67,JBK16,and Xinluzhong 37).A reliable regression model for drought resistance evaluation was established:I=0.74-0.51CMDA+0.15CSOD+0.20CDW+0.24CHD+0.45CGE,with a coefficient of determination of 0.99.[Conclusion]High drought-resistant cultivars exhibited significantly lower stress impacts and higher antioxidant capacity compared to sensitive ones.The entropy-weighted TOPSIS method identified Tahe 2 as the most drought-resistant cultivar.This study established a precise and efficient drought resistance evaluation system,providing a theoretical and technical support for cotton breeding and cultivation under drought conditions.
作者
马瑞英
王兴鹏
木拉迪力·阿布来提
张磊
王洪博
文卿琳
Ma Ruiying;Wang Xingpeng;Muladili Ablaiti;Zhang Lei;Wang Hongbo;Wen Qinglin(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Aral,Xinjiang 843300,China;Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Aral,Xinjiang 843300,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Tarim University,Aral,Xinjiang 843300,China;West Agricultural Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji,Xinjiang 831100,China;Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture,Ministry of Education,Tarim University,Aral,Xinjiang 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)
出处
《棉花学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期335-349,共15页
Cotton Science
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900505)
国家自然科学基金(52479044)
新疆生产建设兵团第一师阿拉尔市财政科技计划(2024NY15)。
关键词
棉花
干旱胁迫
主成分分析
熵权-TOPSIS
逐步回归
cotton
drought stress
principal component analysis
entropy-TOPSIS method
stepwise regression
