摘要
主要依据《新疆统计年鉴》和国际棉花咨询委员会公布的历年世界超细棉花供求信息,结合新疆地(州)农业部门、新疆维吾尔自治区发展和改革委员会等单位提供的数据,分析1955―2024年新疆长绒棉生产发展状况及其影响因素并提出相关建议,以期为新疆长绒棉的可持续发展提供参考。1955―2024年,新疆长绒棉的种植面积、单产和总产存在波动,1955―1990年波动增长趋势明显,21世纪种植面积和总产波动较大。新疆长绒棉品种已完全实现自主培育,先后培育了88个优良品种,其中20个品种得到大面积推广种植,并配套了“矮、密、早、膜、滴灌”种植技术。分析认为影响长绒棉生产的关键因素包括品种、技术、效益、贸易战和自然灾害等。新疆长绒棉生产处于21世纪的历史低谷,要尽早摆脱长绒棉生产面临的困境,既需要科技支撑,也需要政策引导。
This study mainly based on the Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook,the annual global supply and demand information of extra-fine cotton published by the International Cotton Advisory Committee(ICAC),combined with the data provided by agricultural departments of Xinjiang prefectures(autonomous prefectures),Development and Reform Commission of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and other relevant institutions.The development status and its influencing factors of sea island cotton production in Xinjiang from 1955 to 2024 were analysed,and relevant recommendations were offered,to provide references for the sustainable development of sea island cotton production in Xinjiang.From 1955 to 2024,the planting area,yield per unit area,and total production of Xinjiang sea island cotton showed inter-annual fluctuations.From 1955 to 1990,the fluctuating growth trend was obvious,while in the 21st century,the planting area and total production fluctuated obviously.Sea island cotton varieties in Xinjiang have fully achieved independent breeding,with 88 excellent varieties developed,of which 20 varieties have been widely promoted and planted,supported by the planting technology of"short,dense,early,film,drip irrigation".It was analysed that the key factors influencing the production of sea island cotton include varieties,technology,economic returns,trade wars,and natural disasters.Sea island cotton production currently faces a historical low point in the 21st century in Xinjiang.To overcome these challenges,both technological support and policy guidance are needed.
作者
田立文
崔建平
马辉
朱明慧
房彦飞
娄善伟
Tian Liwen;Cui Jianping;Ma Hui;Zhu Minghui;Fang Yanfei;Lou Shanwei(Cotton Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Cotton Engineering Technology Research Center/Xinjiang Cotton Technology Innovation Center/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement and Intelligent Production,Urumqi 830091,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Aksu,Xinjiang 843000,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Kashi Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Kashi,Xinjiang 844000,China)
出处
《棉花学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期321-334,共14页
Cotton Science
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”引进计划--科技创新领军人才(2022TSYCLJ0061)
新疆维吾尔自治区棉花产业技术体系绿色栽培岗位专家(XJARS-03-09)
新疆维吾尔自治区揭榜挂帅项目(长绒棉机采新品种选育及配套技术攻关)。
关键词
新疆
长绒棉
种植面积
单产
总产
影响因素
Xinjiang
sea island cotton
cultivation area
yield per unit area
total production
influencing factors
