摘要
专利诉讼本是权利人维护自身专利权的正当有效的手段,但近年来出现了越来越多的不以利用专利制造生产产品为目的、转而恶意提起侵权诉讼来进行牟利的专利主张实体(PAEs)。目前,我国对于专利主张实体的研究还处于初步阶段,对于其内涵的界定相对模糊,相关的司法规制还不完善。起诉条件宽松、禁令救济适用不当、诉讼双方成本负担失衡等问题客观存在。这些问题不仅会助长PAEs的势头,更会使真正的权利人遭受不必要的损失进而影响整个社会的创新发展。因此,借鉴美国相关案例及司法制度的研究,厘清专利主张实体边界实为必要。具体而言,可在司法中严格起诉条件,综合考量、个案考量适用禁令救济并重构诉讼双方的费用负担机制,以达到惩治恶意诉讼,保护创新的目的。
Patent litigation was originally a legitimate and effective means for rights holders to protect their patent rights,but in recent years,there have been an increasing number of patent claiming entities(PAEs)that do not intend to use patents to manufacture and produce products,but instead maliciously file infringement lawsuits for profit.At present,the research on the entity of patent claims in China is still in its preliminary stage,and the definition of its connotation is relatively vague.The relevant judicial regulations are not yet perfect.There are objective issues such as lenient prosecution conditions,improper application of injunctive relief,and imbalanced cost burden between the parties involved in the lawsuit.These issues will not only fuel the momentum of PAEs,but also cause unnecessary losses to the true rights holders,thereby affecting the innovative development of the entire society.Therefore,it is necessary to draw on relevant cases and judicial systems in the United States to clarify the substantive boundaries of patent claims.Specifically,strict prosecution conditions can be applied in the judiciary,and injunctive relief can be applied based on comprehensive and individual considerations,while restructuring the cost burden mechanism for both parties in litigation,in order to punish malicious litigation and protect innovation.
作者
于沭
YU Shu(Nanjing University Of Science&Technology School of Intellectual Property,Nanjing 210018,China)
关键词
专利主张实体
专利恶意诉讼
禁令救济
专利侵权
patent claim entity
malicious patent litigation
injunctive relief
patent infringement
